丝瓜新品种早优1号的选育

早优1号是以S-14为母本,S-62为父本配制而成的一代杂种。早熟,植株生长势强,第1雌花节位为第5~8节,节成性好,连续结果能力强,果实长棒形,匀直,果皮绿色,表面被蜡粉,果肉脆嫩,味甜,商品性好,果实纵径30cm左右,横径5~6cm,单果质量400~550g,每667m2产量2500kg左右。     

苦瓜杂交制种技术研究

苦瓜杂交制种父母本在上午7～9时,且每朵雄花授2～4朵雌花,授粉后30天左右采收,种子各项生理指标均达到较理想的水平,可显著提高杂交种子的产量和质量.     

辣椒新品种湘椒6号的选育

湘椒６号是由湖南地方良种伏地尖中选出的自交系Ｆ８１－１－２从北方引进的甜椒品种经６代单株选择而成Ｌ２４－１自交系配制而成的一代杂各。该品种植株生长势强,耐寒、耐湿,果实粗牛角形,果色深绿,微辣,商品性好。从定值致收获３５￣４５天,６６７ｍ＾２产鲜椒３０００ｋｇ。田间表现抗病毒病、疮痂病。     

体外产气量法研究日粮中添加不同水平棉籽油对绵羊瘤胃发酵动力学的影响

试验采用体外产气量法研究日粮中添加不同水平的棉籽油对绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。棉籽油的添加水平分别设0(对照组)、1%、2%和3%。结果表明:日粮添加不同水平的棉籽油使人工瘤胃的最大产气量依次降低,但各处理组差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,添加棉籽油并未显著改变发酵液pH值和NH3-N浓度。与对照组相比,添加棉籽油可以降低羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)和木聚糖酶(XYLase)活性,仅在发酵48h后,各处理组的CMCase活性达到显著水平(P<0.05),但各处理组差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,随棉籽油添加水平的升高可以依次降低干物质(DM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的降解率,发酵48h后,2%和3%组DM显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但两者间差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,添加棉籽油并未显著影响总挥发酸浓度(TVFA)、乙酸摩尔百分比、丙酸摩尔百分比和乙丙酸比。     

饲料中常见霉菌毒素的危害与防治措施的研究

<正>霉菌对饲料的污染是十分常见的,霉菌无处不在,可以说所有饲料都可以作为霉菌生存的环境,据联合国粮农组织估计,每年全球有多达25%的食品和饲料被污染。随着饲料工业的发展,大量饲料成品以     

碳水化合物及脂类对反刍动物乳脂影响的研究进展

对国内外引起乳脂变化因素的研究进行概述，特别是日粮因素对瘤胃氢化、乳脂及其脂肪酸成分和乳脂下降的研究，为功能性乳品生产提供一定的理论依据。     

华北农牧交错带农田-草地景观镶嵌体土壤水分空间异质性

为揭示草地景观破碎化过程中产生的农田-草地镶嵌体内部土壤水分空间异质性、分布格局以及生态界面特征,本研究利用经典统计与地统计学方法对华北农牧交错带农田-草地镶嵌体不同采样粒度(0.5 m×0.5 m,1 m×1 m,2 m×2 m)土壤水分空间异质性进行分析。结果表明:农田-草地镶嵌体内部土壤水分含量差异显著表现为农田>农田-草地边界>草地 (P < 0.05);土壤水分变异系数(CV Coefficent of variation)差异显著表现为农田-草地边界>草地>农田(P < 0.05),均属中等程度变异。在农田-草地镶嵌体尺度下,农田-草地边界土壤水分在3个采样粒度下均拟合为球状模型,空间异质性大小(MSH Magnitude of spatial heterogeneity)分别为0.814、0.763和0.883,变程为15.44、27.24和19.09 m,属强空间自相关;草地土壤水分空间异质性在3个采样粒度下拟合呈指数和球状模型,空间异质性大小分别为0.537、0.837和0.650,变程分别为6.009、12.74和30.99 m,属中到强空间自相关;农田土壤水分在采样粒度2 m×2 m下拟合成球状模型,空间异质性大小为0.706,变程27.28m,属中等空间自相关,而在较小采样粒度下均为纯金块效应(Nugget)呈完全随机分布,即不同采样粒度(0.5 m×0.5 m,1 m×1 m,2 m×2 m)的农田、农田-草地边界、草地的土壤水分空间异质性大小存在显著差异且表现为农田-草地边界>草地>农田(P < 0.05),同时每种类型不同采样粒度间的空间异质性大小存在差异但无线性关系(P > 0.05);农田-草地镶嵌体内部的农田-草地边界土壤水分分布格局异质程度高,呈明显斑块状,而农田内部土壤水分较草地更加破碎匀质化,同时土壤水分在农田-草地边界处表现为伴有突然升高随即降低剧烈变化的界面效应。     

棉花抗黄萎病QTL初步定位

本研究以高抗黄萎病的海岛棉品种海7124和高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种邯郸14组配的F2群体184个株系,构建了一个分子标记遗传连锁图,包括了142个位点和30个连锁群,标记间的平均距离为8.24cM,全长1169.6cM,覆盖棉花总基因组约23.4%。用复合区间作图分析共检测到12个抗黄萎病相关QTL,其中田间抗病性检测到不同时期7个病情指数相关QTL,1个病株率相关QTL,温室苗期抗病性定位4个病株率相关QTL。从绝对量上看,各QTL加性效应从2.20到42.39,显性效应从1.65到32.25,解释表型变异1.09%～22.73%,且田间抗病性获得的QTL与温室苗期抗病性得到的QTL基本相同,其中qFDI711-30-0.01位点距MUSS294仅为0.01cM,加性效应较高解释表型变异22.32%,这对于培育优质抗病材料用于标记辅助育种具有一定的参考价值。     

Micro/nanostructured hydroxyapatite structurally enhances the immobilization for Cu and Cd in contaminated soil

Purpose

The presence of high copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils around mining areas has raised serious health concerns. Improving hydroxyapatite (HAP) adsorption capacity for Cu and Cd is important if its application potential in heavily contaminated soils is to expand.

Materials and methods

The micro/nanostructured HAP (mnHAP) was synthesized using a template-induced method to improve the HAP immobilization of Cu and Cd in contaminated soils. Commercial and synthetic HAPs were evaluated as amendments in Cu and Cd remediation tests with 1.5 and 3.0 % addition level for 90 days, and soils without HAP materials (0.0 %) were designated as the controls; each treatment was repeated three times. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N₂ adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive spectra (EDS) and then quantitatively determined the Cu and Cd contents by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results and discussion

The mnHAP was more effective in immobilizing Cu and Cd than the two commercial HAPs. After treatment with mnHAP at the 3.0 % addition level for 90 days, the contaminated soils showed 55.2 and 84.8 % reductions in Cu and Cd concentrations in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching procedure, respectively. The experimental data indicated that the enhanced Cu and Cd immobilization by mnHAP was due to the increases of surface area and the improvement of structure and newly introduced carboxylate groups on its surface.

Conclusions

These findings show that regulating the structure and surface properties of HAP can enhance Cu and Cd immobilization in soils.