论中国现代化建设的战略选择

以21世纪科技和经济发展的趋势为背景，研究提出新经济观、新科学观、新农业观和新现代化，主要论断有：(1)人类社会将遵循着由农业经济到工业经济(工业化)到知识经济(知识化)再回归新农业经济(农业化)的发展方向；阐述了导致回归新农业经济(农业化)的内涵及其依据。(2)信息经济与生物经济都是以知识和技术为最重要生产要素，又处在交叉发展，可以同属于知识经济。进而将知识经济划分为两个阶段：前知识经济，以信息经济为主；后知识经济，以生物经济为主；并论述了生物经济终将占主导地位。(3)农业可以致富、农业可以跨越、农业可以主导的新农业观；指出农业的贡献不可低估、农业的功能不可少估、农业的潜力不可小估。(4)在上述论断的基础上研究提出中国现代化建设的新战略，即：以农业为主导，促进工业经济与知识经济(包括信息经济和生物经济)的协调发展，并逐步过渡到新农业经济；讨论了选择新战略的必然性以及相关的理论和实践问题。     

Clinical, humoral and IFNgamma responses of cattle to infection with Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony and attempts to condition the pathogenesis of the infection

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony (MmmSC), is one of the most important diseases of cattle in Africa. The role of innate or acquired cell mediated and humoral immunity in conferring protection against MmmSC infection has not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, the pathological lesions caused by the aetiological agent have been considered indicative of an immunopathological process. In this study ten na?ve cattle were exposed to in-contact infection with animals infected by intubation with a strain of MmmSC. Clinical signs, antibody response, IFNgamma release and pathological changes at necropsy were analysed and compared with the events following in-contact infection of an equal number of animals kept under daily treatment with cyclosporine for the entire observation period of 84 days. Cyclosporine is a suppressor of the immune response related to the T-cell system. Under the conditions of the experiment, cyclosporine appeared to condition the pathogenesis of CBPP by delaying the events that follow infection, bringing further support to the possibility that the immune response may have an impact on the disease outcome.     

植物细胞生长周期中内外源细胞激动素的变化

应用细胞同步培养技术、高压液相色谱分析（ＨＰＬＣ）和酶偶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）分析了胡萝卜细胞在悬浮培养时生长分裂周期的变化并对内源激动素类物质（玉米素Ｚ－Ｚｅａｔｉｎ、核糖基玉米素ＺＲ－ｚｅａｔｉｎｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ、二氢玉米素ＤＨＺ－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｚｅａｔｉｎ、核糖二氢玉米素ＤＨＺＲ－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｚｅａｔｉｎｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ、异戊烯基核糖基腺嘌呤ＩＰ－ｉｓｏｐｅｎｔｅｎｙｌａｄｅｎｉｎｅ和核糖基异戊烯基腺苷ＩＰＲ－ｉｓｏｐｅｎｔｅｎｙｌａｄｅｎｉｎｅｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ）含量进行定量分析．从用荧光显微技术分析ＤＮＡ含量变化结果看出，附加有激动素０．１×１０－６·Ｌ－１的悬浮液中，胡萝卜细胞的分裂周期为８．５ｈ，比不加外源激素的处理短１ｈ．在无外源激素存在的情况下，细胞分裂期中内源细胞分裂素类物质除ＺＲ之外，其余的Ｚ、ＤＨＺ、ＤＨＺＲ、ＩＰ和ＩＰＲ的含量在分裂的第６．５ｈ均有一个峰值出现，ＺＲ在第４．５和８．５ｈ有峰值出现．外加细胞分裂素的处理中．Ｚ、ｉＰ和ｉＰＲ整个周期无明显含量变化，ＤＨＺ和ＤＨＺＲ在第６．５ｈ出现峰值．ＺＲ在第８．５ｈ时也出现峰值．说明附加细胞激动素可协调Ｚ．ｉＰ和ｉＰＲ的积累，加速利用?     

一个水稻胚乳特异表达基因的筛选及初步分析

从一个水稻启动子捕获突变群体中筛选到一个T0及T1代GUS组织化学检测均表现胚乳特异表达的启动子捕获系w9101,其T0、T1代自交后代标记基因分离规律及Southernblot分析表明它是一个单T-DNA插入的启动子捕获系;通过TAIL-PCR获得其T-DNA插入的侧翼序列,并在NCBI上对其侧翼序列进行比对,发现该捕获系T-DNA插入位点位于一个推测的肽转运子基因(暂命名为Peptidetransporter9101,PTR9101)启动子内;w9101不同发育时期不同组织RT-PCR检测表明,PTR9101为胚乳特异性表达基因;生物信息学分析表明PTR9101蛋白整条肽链表现疏水性,其跨膜区域和CHL1 (The Nitrate Transporter AtNRT1.1)一样有12个α-螺旋跨膜区,因此推测PTR9101是一个肽转运子基因.     

Fear of predation slows plant-litter decomposition

Aboveground consumers are believed to affect ecosystem functioning by regulating the quantity and quality of plant litter entering the soil. We uncovered a pathway whereby terrestrial predators regulate ecosystem processes via indirect control over soil community function. Grasshopper herbivores stressed by spider predators have a higher body carbon-to-nitrogen ratio than do grasshoppers raised without spiders. This change in elemental content does not slow grasshopper decomposition but perturbs belowground community function, decelerating the subsequent decomposition of plant litter. This legacy effect of predation on soil community function appears to be regulated by the amount of herbivore protein entering the soil.     

In vitro effects of reactive oxygen metabolites, with and without flunixin meglumine, on equine colonic mucosa

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), with and without flunixin meglumine, on equine right ventral colon (RVC) in vitro. ANIMALS: 18 healthy horses and ponies. PROCEDURES: In 3 groups of 6 animals each, short-circuit current and conductance were measured in RVC mucosa in Ussing chambers. The 3 groups received physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, IV, 10 minutes before euthanasia and tissue incubation in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (KRB) solution; flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, IV) 10 minutes before euthanasia and tissue incubation in KRB solution; or physiologic saline solution, IV, 10 minutes before euthanasia and incubation in KRB solution with 2.7 x 10(5)M flunixin meglumine. Incubation conditions included control (no addition) and ROM systems, including addition of 1 mM xanthine and 80 mU of xanthine oxidase (to produce the superoxide radical), 1 mM H(2)O(2), and 1 mM H(2)O(2) and 0.5 mM ferrous sulfate (to produce the hydroxyl radical). RESULTS: All ROMs that were added or generated significantly increased the short-circuit current except in tissues coincubated with flunixin meglumine, and they induced mild epithelial vacuolation and apoptosis, but did not disrupt the epithelium nor change conductance, lactate dehydrogenase release, or [(3)H]mannitol flux. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Responses to ROMs could be attributed to increased chloride secretion and inhibited neutral NaCl absorption in equine RVC, possibly by stimulating prostaglandin production. The ROMs examined under conditions of this study could play a role in prostaglandin-mediated colonic secretion in horses with enterocolitis without causing direct mucosal injury.     

Experimental field trial with an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) vaccine against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

The experimental field trial with an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) vaccine has been an occasion to explore the role of a Th1 response in the pathogenesis caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (MmmSC) and in immune protection. The ISCOM complex is known to promote Th1 response. Antibodies to MmmSC were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the vaccinated cattle, although the levels were lower than in a previous study. No antibodies were detected by complement fixation test (CF). After the challenge infection, vaccinated animals developed CF antibody response. They showed significantly reduced mortality compared with controls. However, gross pathological and histopathological score for vaccinated animals was as high as for the non-vaccinated, characterized by a high inflammatory reaction with histopathology dominated by interlobular pneumonia with vasculitis.     

Enthalpy of transformation of a high-pressure polymorph of titanium dioxide to the rutile modification

The enthalpy of transformation of a high-pressure form of titanium dioxide, which has the alpha lead dioxide structure, to the rutile modification was measured by the method of "transposed temperature-drop calorimetry." For the reaction, titanium dioxide (alpha lead dioxide form) transforming to rutile, the change in the heat content is -0.76 +/- 0.17 kilocalorie per mole. From this value and the volume change (+ 2.8 percent) associated with the transformation, we estimate the equilibrium pressure at 294 degrees K to be 60 +/- 20 kilobars.     

果蔗不同器官在不同生育期的同工酶聚类相关分析

为了解过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶在果蔗生长中的变化规律,本研究选择不同的取样时期和植株不同器官,对8个果蔗品种利用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳得出的叶片、根组织不同生育时期POD、EST同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,并检测其相关性。结果表明：（1）不同品种间同工酶谱的遗传相似系数存在差异,特别是外引黑皮果蔗(Badila)与中国地方品种之间存在着一定的遗传差异;（2）不同生育时期叶片或根部的POD同工酶和EST同工酶酶谱的聚类图都存在着差异;（3）叶片中的POD、EST酶谱在各个生育时期均达到极显著相关。说明叶片是这两种酶基因表达的最重要活性部位,因此叶片可以作为同工酶分析较为稳定和适宜的采样部位。