Ertragsreaktionen von Zuckerrüben in den internationalen organischen Stickstoffdauerdün‐Gungsversuchen (IOSDV) Rauischholzhausen und Wrocław‐Swojec

Gegenstand der Untersuchungen sind zwei Dauerfeldversuche, die im Jahr 1984 in Rauischholzhausen (Deutschland) und im Jahr 1996 in Wroc?aw‐Swqjec (Polen) mit vergleichbarer Methode und Zielstellung angelegt wurden. Ausgewertet wurden hier die Zuckerrübenerträge im Mittel der dreijährigen Rotation der Jahre 1997–1999 in Abhängigkeit von organischen und mineralischen Düngungsmaßnahmen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der organischen Düngung für die Ertragssicherung im Zuckerrübenanbau. Die untersuchten organischen Dünger Stalldung, Stroh und Biokompost verbesserten die Ertragswirksamkeit mineralischer N‐Gaben.

Die ertragssteigernde Wirkung organischer Dünger war bei fehlender oder niedriger mineralischer N‐Düngung größer als bei hohen N‐Gaben. Auf stark lehmigem Sandboden (Wrozlaw) wurden höhere Ertragseffekte erzielt als auf schwerem Lehmboden (Rauischholzhausen). Die Blatterträge wurden durch die angewendeten Düngungsmaßnahmen stärker beeinflußt als die Rübenerträge. Stroh und Biokompost zeigten die gleichen Ertragseffekte wie Stalldung.     

Human-specific gain of function in a developmental enhancer

Changes in gene regulation are thought to have contributed to the evolution of human development. However, in vivo evidence for uniquely human developmental regulatory function has remained elusive. In transgenic mice, a conserved noncoding sequence (HACNS1) that evolved extremely rapidly in humans acted as an enhancer of gene expression that has gained a strong limb expression domain relative to the orthologous elements from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. This gain of function was consistent across two developmental stages in the mouse and included the presumptive anterior wrist and proximal thumb. In vivo analyses with synthetic enhancers, in which human-specific substitutions were introduced into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence or reverted in the human enhancer to the ancestral state, indicated that 13 substitutions clustered in an 81-base pair module otherwise highly constrained among terrestrial vertebrates were sufficient to confer the human-specific limb expression domain.     

内蒙古草地净初级生产力时空变化及其对干旱的响应

为探究内蒙古草地生长季净初级生产力（Net primary productivity,NPP）的变化及其与干旱的关系,本文通过趋势变化和相关性计算对2001-2015年内蒙古草地NPP和标准化降水蒸散指数（Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI）的时空变化进行研究。结果表明：内蒙古草地生长季NPP平均增长率为2.20 g C·m^-2·a^-1,其中草甸草原为3.73 g C·m^-2·a^-1,典型草原为1.69 g C·m^-2·a^-1,荒漠草原为0.30 g C·m^-2·a^-1。NPP均值整体上自西南向东北逐渐增加,其中草甸草原最高,其次为典型草原,荒漠草原最低,年均NPP分别为387.90 g C·m^-2·a^-1,291.26 g C·m^-2·a^-1,133.70 g C·m^-2·a^-1。NPP整体上与SPEI-1相关性最强,其中,草甸草原与SPEI-1最强相关性最强,典型草原、荒漠草原与SPEI-3相关性最强。干旱对荒漠草原的影响最大,对典型草原的影响次之,对草甸草原的影响最小。     

Assessing the Effectiveness of Functional Genetic Screens for the Identification of Bioactive Metabolites

A common limitation for the identification of novel activities from functional (meta) genomic screens is the low number of active clones detected relative to the number of clones screened. Here we demonstrate that constructing libraries with strains known to produce bioactives can greatly enhance the screening efficiency, by increasing the “hit-rate” and unmasking multiple activities from the same bacterial source.     

Yielding of sugar beet cultivated after manure and Vermicompost in the background of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilization

In the experiment, yield formation value of vermicompost and manure incorporated into soil were compared in cultivation of sugar beet. It was proved, that vermicompost (10 t/ha) could fully replace manure (30 t/ha) traditionally used for sugar beet. As a result even higher yield of roots, of leaves and biomass using compost were noticed. In case of nitrogen fertilization dose 140 kg/ha seems to be the most suitable.     

Utilization of potato peels and sugar beet pulp with and without enzyme supplementation in broiler chicken diets: effects on performance,serum biochemical indices and carcass traits

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of including potato peels (PP) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), as unconventional feeds, with and without enzyme in broiler diets from 1 to 42 days of age by observing the growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. A total of 150, 1‐day old, chicks were randomly assigned into five groups, each with 30 chicks. Birds in group 1 were fed on the control diet. Chicks in groups 2 and 3 were offered diets containing PP and SBP at the rate of 15% and 7.5%, respectively, while those in groups 4 and 5 were fed the same diets but with adding an enzyme mixture. Using the unconventional feeds in the diets was found to decrease the body weight (BW). However, the feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion did not differ from the control in PP at the grower period, but decreased in SBP throughout the experiment. Addition of enzyme greatly improved the BW in PP and SBP to a degree that it surpasses the control and also increased the feed intake and conversion. The total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels were decreased in all tested groups. Carcass yield was not affected by treatments, but the carcass fat content was reduced using the unconventional feeds with or without enzyme. In conclusion, PP can be used at a rate of 15% in the grower diets of broilers. Furthermore, 15% PP or 7.5% SBP can be included in starter and grower diets, but with the addition of enzymes. This can help in solving the problem of current shortage and rising costs of conventional feeds.