East Meets West: An Eastern Perspective of Aquaculture 1

The East or perhaps a better term, Asia, is both a major producer and consumer of aquacultural products. Yet with a long history in the field of aquaculture, most countries have made little or no progress in the techniques and methods applied in this field. The Asian needs for aquaculture are also more basic in that aquaculture provides a cheap source of protein for the malnourished and undernourished populations. Development may be significantly affected by the wide income gap existing in these countries, by inequalities in educational quality and opportunity, and by social factors such as religion, taboos, or tradition. But on the whole, a better life for many of Asia's people may possibly be found in the development of its aquaculture potential.     

继电保护用电流互感器的暂态特性数字仿真及电磁优化设计

本文在分析CT的暂态特性及其动态磁化过程的基础上,建立了计及铁芯饱和、局部磁滞回环、动态剩磁影响的CT单、复励磁暂态过程数字仿真模型,提出了继电保护用P、TPX、TPY、TPz级CT的电磁优化设计方法,编制了计算机程序,用于CT的电磁优化设计及数字仿真分析.     

提高果品品质的途径和措施

本文从品种、生态条件、栽培技术和采后商品化处理等方面分析了对果品品质的影响,提出了选用优良品种、坚持"适地适栽"、加强栽培管理和采后商品化处理等提高果品品质的途径及相应的对策和措施.     

Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

Effects of fat supplementation on plasma glucose,insulin and fatty acid analysis in ponies maintained on a forage‐based diet

The objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage‐based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14‐day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14‐day period before a five‐day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five‐day period with a three‐day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hr post‐feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p > .1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p > .1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of total FA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p < .1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage‐based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations.     

植酸酶对不同类型的断乳仔猪日粮粗蛋白、氨基酸和能量的消化率的影响

通过对4个安装了简易T型瘘管的断奶仔猪研究表明,添加植酸酶并没有提高玉米-豆粕型日粮(试验组1)、小麦-豆粕型日粮(试验组2)和大麦-豌豆-菜籽粕型日粮(试验组4)粗蛋白和氨基酸的回肠表观消化率(AID),而使小麦-豆粕-菜粕型日粮的粗蛋白和氨基酸回肠表观消化率或粗蛋白和消化能的总消化道表观消化率(ATTD)得到了显著的提高(P<0.05)或呈提高的势态(P<0.10)。这些结果表明,氨基酸对细菌性植酸酶的反应因子取决于日粮的组成。     

不同生境香果树种群的径级结构与分布格局

应用"相邻格子法"对不同生境下的香果树种群进行每木调查,获得野外资料.采用空间代替时间的方法,研究香果树的径级结构和分布格局,以及应用泊松方差/均值比、负二项式分布、Lloyd平均拥挤度指数和聚块指数4个指标分析其种群格局状况.结果表明:不同生境下的香果树径级结构具有较大的相似性--均缺乏幼苗和幼树,种群呈衰退趋势;不同生境下的香果树种群聚块规模为8～32 m2;种群的空间分布格局主要为集群分布;格局动态明显呈现由集群分布到随机分布的扩散趋势.建议采取相应的措施保护母树,尤其是20年生以上的母树;还应加强对种子及幼苗生长动态变化的研究.     

The Inhibitors of CDK4/6 from a Library of Marine Compound Database: A Pharmacophore,ADMET, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study

Background: CDK4/6 (Cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6) are the key promoters of cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S phase. Thus, selective inhibition of CDK4/6 is a promising cancer treatment. Methods: A total of 52,765 marine natural products were screened for CDK4/6. To screen out better natural compounds, pharmacophore models were first generated, then the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMET) were tested, followed by molecular docking. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to verify the binding characteristics of the selected compounds. Results: Eighty-seven marine small molecules were screened based on the pharmacophore model. Then, compounds 41369 and 50843 were selected according to the ADMET and molecular docking score for further kinetic simulation evaluation. Finally, through molecular dynamics analysis, it was confirmed that compound 50843 maintained a stable conformation with the target protein, so it has the opportunity to become an inhibitor of CDK4/6. Conclusion: Through structure-based pharmacophore modeling, ADMET, the molecular docking method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, marine natural compound 50843 was proposed as a promising marine inhibitor of CDK4/6.     

松树枯梢病发生的立地条件及其主要诱因分析

对福建、江西等地227块松树枯梢病的林分病情标准地进行调查.结果表明:病害的发生与林分及立地因子关系密切.由上杭、连城、永新和安福4县有代表性的49块样地推导出了松树枯梢病的病情指数与林龄、造林密度、郁闭度、土壤质地、土壤湿度、坡位、坡向的生态数学模型:y=41.38-16.56x11 5.08x21 18.62x31-3.78x41 19.94x51 7.32x61 4.27x62-4.06x71-10.56x72-13.88x73,其偏相关系数分别为0.606 9、0.612 5、0.268 9、0.1789、0.681 1、0.279 0、0.473 7.该模型模内判别准确率为79.59%,其中病情指数与土壤湿度、郁闭度、林龄和坡位间关系紧密,在0.01水平上显著,它们是松树枯梢病在我国南方发生的主要诱导因子.提出以营林措施为主的生态控制技术.