外源水杨酸诱导的部分甜瓜自毒作用相关基因的表达分析

以甜瓜(Cucumis melo)品种‘新银辉’为材料,采取根灌法,以水杨酸(10μmol/L)处理甜瓜幼苗,通过Real-Time PCR对叶片中部分自毒作用相关基因的表达量进行定量分析,以探究外源水杨酸诱导对甜瓜自毒作用的影响。结果显示,经外源水杨酸诱导后:(1)在催化苯丙烷类代谢途径的3个初始反应的蛋白酶编码基因中,PAL和C4H随处理后时间增加,呈逐渐上调趋势,但PAL比C4H更快响应胁迫,而4CL转录水平没有显著变化;(2)在类黄酮生物合成的3个关键酶的基因中,CHI、F3H均显示出不同程度的下调,CHS于处理后1 d略微上调,然后恢复至处理前水平;(3)两个转录因子基因WD40、R2R3-MYB分别在不同处理时间后显著下调;(4)WD40与CHI的表达相关性较高。据上述结果 ,水杨酸诱导后:(Ⅰ)CHI表达可能与转录因子WD40蛋白相关;(Ⅱ)WD40、R2R3-MYB与PAL、C4H、4CL、CHS间不存在简单、明确的调控关系;(Ⅲ)柚皮苷、表儿茶素、芦丁等甜瓜主要化感物质合成减少。     

模拟盐渍化对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

为了解盐渍化对甜瓜种子萌发的影响,本研究以甜瓜品种‘新银辉’为材料,采用NaCl和NaHCO₃单独处理和复合处理模拟盐渍化,观测不同处理下甜瓜种子萌发情况以及生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:NaCl、NaHCO₃、NaCl和NaHCO₃复合处理模拟的盐渍化几乎都对甜瓜种子萌发产生了抑制作用,胁迫浓度越高,抑制作用越明显;仅低浓度（50 mmol/L）的NaCl表现出一定的促进作用。NaCl和NaHCO₃复合处理后甜瓜种子萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随着处理时间增加,呈升-降-升的趋势;过氧化物酶（POD）活性先上升后下降;脯氨酸（Pro）含量持续上升;可溶性糖含量持续下降;丙二醛（MDA）含量始终显著高于蒸馏水对照;淀粉含量随着处理时间增加呈下降的趋势,α-淀粉酶活性和β-淀粉酶活性均呈先下降、后上升的趋势。模拟盐渍化明显抑制甜瓜种子的萌发和幼苗生长,保护酶活性、淀粉代谢在应对胁迫中起到了明显作用,研究结果有助于为甜瓜耐盐机制和设施栽培提供有益的参考。     

芥蓝TCP家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

为明确芥蓝TCP家族相关基因在叶片发育中的功能,基于甘蓝基因组数据,分析鉴定出芥蓝TCP基因家族有40个成员,参考拟南芥同源TCP基因注释及拟南芥数据库基因的相对表达量,初步选取BoTCP21和BoTCP25基因,采用qRT-PCR分析。结果表明：BoTCP21和BoTCP25均在叶片中大量表达,但二者在真叶不同部位的表达模式存在差异。为了进一明确TCP基因家族中参与叶片发育的基因,采用生物信息学方法并结合qRT-PCR对BoTCP家族进行了全面分析。结果显示：40个BoTCP都属于非分泌亲水性蛋白,分别定位在8条染色体上;系统进化树构建和亲缘关系分析将芥蓝中的BoTCP成员归为3类,其中PCF亚家族有19个成员,CYC亚家族8个成员,CIN亚家族13个成员。qRT-PCR结果表明：BoTCP21和BoTCP25在真叶和薹叶中具有较高的表达量,BoTCP14在开花结荚的植株根部表达量较高,而BoTCP16则在抽薹植株的根部表达量最高,说明BoTCP家族成员在组织部位表达存在时空特异性且广泛参与了植株的形态建成和器官发育。     

Relative survival of calves in 16 traditionally managed herds in Bauchi, Nigeria

An actuarial life-table approach was used to study the mortality of 277 calves born alive in 16 traditionally managed herds in Bauchi, Nigeria from 1993 to 1995. The proportion of calves in the herds surviving for the first 12 months was 53.8%. The probability of dying was greatest during the first month of life and decreased with age. The proportion of calves surviving in the herds has been increasing for the last 2 years. We suspect that this is probably due to improvements in management practices. Septicaemia, malnutrition and injury were the common causes of calf mortality. We recommend that more attention be given to improving the management of calves early in life in order to reduce mortality of calves and hence reduce economic losses to the herd owner.     

两轮多重反转录巢式PCR方法扩增全长GalUR基因

研究了两轮多重反转录巢式PCR扩增全长基因的方法.先用多重巢式引物和cDNA进行第1轮PCR扩增;再用纯化的第1轮PCR产物和相同的引物进行第2轮扩增;最后通过改变Mg^2＋浓度、退火时间和退火温度进行PCR条件的优化,以增加PCR扩增的产量,用于克隆.结果显示该方法方便和快速地扩增出了草莓（Fragaria ananassa cv.SweatCharlie）高产量和高质量的全长GalUR基因,也非常快速地扩增出了用于基因构建的带有酶切位点的全长GalUR基因.该方法也可以用于其它全长基因的克隆.     

Potato after-cooking darkening

After-cooking darkening (ACD) is one of the most widespread, undesirable characteristics of cultivated potato. With the current expansion of the potato-processing industry around the world, there is a renewed interest in the development of new ways to prevent ACD. After-cooking darkening is caused by the oxidation of the ferri-chlorogenic acid in the boiled or fried potatoes. The severity of the darkening is dependent on the ratio of chlorogenic acid to citric acid concentrations in the potato tubers. Higher ratio normally results in darker tubers. The concentration of the chlorogenic and citric acids is genetically controlled and influenced by environmental conditions. This paper outlines the history of ACD and current status of knowledge of the chemistry of the dark pigment formation and its genetic and environmental determinants. Also discussed are the methods of chemical prevention of ACD presently used by the potato-processing industry and potential strategies for reducing tuber after cooking darkening using molecular approaches.     

In vitro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis) for anthelmintic activity

Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis, two plants used by local/smallholder livestock farmers in Nigeria as anthelmintic were screened for in vitro anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus eggs. The extract of V. amygdalina did not show any significant activity at concentrations up to 11.2mg/ml. The extract of A. senegalensis showed significant (P<0.001) reduction in egg hatch at a concentration of 7.1mg/ml. The in vitro fecal culture of eggs with A. senegalensis showed significant (P<0.001) reductions in larval recovery with increasing concentrations from 1 to 10% ((w/w) in fecal culture) when whole ground plant material was used. Although traditional veterinary healers and local livestock farmers claim both plants are effective as anthelmintics, our result indicate that only A. senegalensis showed promising anthelmintic activity especially with use of ground whole plant materials as used by some farmers.     

优质高产杂交水稻新组合川优 536 的选育与应用

川优536是四川农业大学水稻研究所利用四川省农业科学院作物研究所选育的不育系川345A与自育恢复系蜀恢236杂交选育的优质三系杂交稻新组合。该组合具有米质优、产量高、综合农艺性状优良、稻瘟病抗性好等特点,2019年7月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:川审稻20190003)。为了促进川优536的推广应用,本文对该品种的特征特性、高产栽培及制种技术进行了介绍。     

绿色荧光蛋白的改进

绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP)，是细胞生物学和分子生物学研究的一个重要的工具，已得到广泛的应用。为了进一步提高GFP的利用，TFP在几个方面得到了改进：（1）基因优化，包括去除隐蔽性内含子，在隐蔽内含子的结合位点引入植物内含子，合成密码子用于优化新基因，对GFP进行环状序列改变。（2）通过氨基酸替换提高GFP脱辅基蛋白在高温，如37℃条件下的正确折叠，以及改变GFP光谱特性。此外，把GFP和定位序列融合，能够提高它的亚细胞定位，从而减少毒性和增加荧光。     

不同转基因番茄GalUR的表达与Vc含量

为了得到高维生素C(Vc)含量新品种, 克隆和构建了GalUR半乳糖醛酸还原酶基因, 并转入了番茄. 通过不同转基因突变体GalUR基因表达和Vc含量分析发现: GalUR 基因在转GalUR 基因番茄中得到了过量表达; 在转FRO2-铁还原酶基因的番茄突变体中表达量增加了60%; 在耐贮藏转基因番茄F3、 F2、 F1中也均高于对照, 其中F3的表达量最高, 是对照的2～3倍; 在非转基因中蔬4号和6号的表达量高于丽春番茄1倍; 所有供试GalUR 基因表达量均为红果最多、粉红果次之, 青果最少. 转基因番茄果实Vc含量变化与上述GalUR基因的表达有相同规律. 转GalUR3基因番茄果实和叶片Vc含量高于对照2倍以上. GalUR基因的表达还与乙烯合成酶基因ACS、 CTR1和铁还原酶FRO2基因的表达有关.