涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化及其对策分析

选择江苏典型茶园进行实地调查,分析了茶园土壤酸化的现状及其发展趋势。结果表明,江苏省茶园土壤无论从时间尺度还是从土体不同土层的空间尺度来看,都存在较为严重的酸化趋势。在验证植茶对土壤的酸化效应基础上,提出同时从茶园土壤酸化的内因和外因两方面入手,从根本上控制茶园土壤的酸化。     

镉、铅污染土壤上雪里蕻对不同施肥调控的生理生化响应

采用盆栽试验,研究了在含Cd 10 mg/kg、Pb 2 000 mg/kg及其复合污染土壤上采用不同施肥调控措施对雪里蕻生长的影响。结果表明,不同施肥调控措施能显著提高雪里蕻产量,有机肥提高效果与其施用量和施用方法有关;施用包膜柠檬酸和磷肥能显著降低蔬菜重金属含量;重金属污染会抑制根系活力,Pb的抑制作用较Cd更大。雪里蕻体内蛋白质含量随其生长呈增加趋势,其变化与有机肥的施用量有关,而与施用方式无关。高剂量有机追肥能最大程度地提高单一污染时雪里蕻体内的CAT活性(P<0.05),与其施用方式有关;包膜柠檬酸和增磷处理均能显著提高复合污染土壤植株的POD活性(P<0.05)。施用有机肥可以提高雪里蕻叶绿素含量,且酶活性高时叶绿素含量也相应较高。     

有机肥分解及其对土壤有机碳矿化影响的模拟研究

以商品有机肥、油菜饼肥和秸秆堆肥三种不同种类有机肥为供试材料,采用土壤呼吸瓶装置进行实验室培养以模拟土壤施肥效应,测定三种肥料的有机碳分解动态变化量及其对土壤有机碳矿化的影响.结果表明,培养条件下三种有机肥的分解特性差异极大,油菜饼肥与秸秆堆肥在培养前25 d分解速率呈现快速升高后又快速下降的变化规律,其中C/N最低的油菜饼肥更加明显,而C/N最高的商品有机肥分解速率很低;三种有机肥料处理下的土壤有机碳累积矿化量存在极显著性差异(P＜0.01),大小顺序依次为油菜饼肥处理＞秸秆堆肥处理＞商品有机肥处理;培养结果运用农田土壤有机碳动态模拟模型,获得商品有机肥、油菜饼肥和秸秆堆肥的易分解比F分别为0.22、0.57和0.47及其一级动力学常数K1=0.019、K2=0.97×10-3、Ks=0.80×10-3(d-1);比对实验测定数据与模型模拟数据表明,当商品有机肥与含氮量最高的油菜饼肥混合比例为2:1时,就能极显著提高商品有机肥的分解率(P＜0.01);而秸秆堆肥与油菜饼肥1∶1混合时,亦能极显著提高秸秆堆肥的分解率(P＜0.01).     

环境因素和作物生长对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了常规灌溉和持续淹水条件以及不同水平有机质(小麦秸秆)投放量(0、2.25、4.5t@hm-2)条件下各环境因素(包括土壤温度、灌溉水层深度和土壤Eh)对CH4和N2O排放的影响以及水稻生长与CH4排放的关系.结果表明,在2种水分管理下,CH4的累积排放量均与水稻冠层高度呈显著正相关(P<0.001).连续淹水条件下,无论有无外源有机质投放,稻田CH4排放的季节性变化均与土壤温度呈指数相关(P<0.001),而N2O排放的季节性变化则仅取决于土壤水分条件.     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。     

茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究

以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。     

南京菊花脑蔬菜地Cd、Pb、Cu污染现状调查与评价

对南京地区38个菊花脑蔬菜地土壤中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu含量进行分析,对照土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—1995),采用单项污染指数法和尼梅罗污染指数法进行评价。结果表明,13个地块(34%)的土壤Cd含量超标,1个基地Cu含量超标,Pb含量全部符合土壤环境质量标准。综合污染指数平均值达0．80,污染水平在警戒线附近。24%的土壤受到不同程度的轻污染,主要是Cd污染引起的。对采自对应点的菊花脑样品进行Cd、Pb、Cu含量分析发现,3个基地上种植的菊花脑Cd含量超过农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求(GB 18406．1—2001),Pb超标现象较严重,达53%之多,这可能与大气污染有关。     

室内绿化植物应用发展初探

阐述了室内绿化的发展历程、主要功能以及室内绿化植物应用的种类、布置方式、摆放手法,提出室内绿化植物应用的发展方向与措施.