Correlation between progression of atherosclerosis accelerated by emotional stimulation and imbalance of SDF-1/CXCR4 in mice

AIM To observe effects of emotional stimulation on expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1（SDF-1） and CXC chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） in plasma, platelets, aortas, hippocampus and bone marrow of apolipoprotein E gene knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice, and to reveal the possible mechanism of the aggravated atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by emotional stimulation. METHODS Thirty 8-week-old male ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into normal control group, high fat group, and emotional stimulation group. Ten 8-week-old inbred C57BL/6J mice served as blank control group. After 12 weeks of intervention, the serum levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were investigated by ELISA. The protein levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in platelets, aortas, hippocampus and bone marrow were determined by Western blot. The pathological damage of aortas was observed by oil red O staining. RESULTS Compared with blank control group, normal control group and high fat group, the mice subjected to emotional stimulation showed more serious atherosclerosis in aortas detected by oil red O staining, and increased levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the plasma and aortas were also observed （P<0.05）. The results of Western blot showed that the protein levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in platelets, aortas and hippocampus were increased in the mice subjected emotional stimulation, but the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the bone marrow was decreased （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Imbalance of SDF-1/CXCR4 may be the key target by which emotional stimulation accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis.     

The M43 domain-containing metalloprotease RcMEP1 in Rhizoctonia cerealis is a pathogenicity factor during the fungus infection to wheat

Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop for global human. The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of sharp eyespot, a devastating disease of wheat. Herein, we identified RcMEP1, a zinc metalloproteaseencoding gene from R. cerealis genomic sequences, and characterized its pathogenesis function. RcMEP1 expressed at markedly-high levels during R. cerealis infection process to wheat. The predicted protein RcMEP1 comprises of 287 amino acid residues and contains a signal peptide and a M43 metalloprotease domain harboring the active site motif(HEVGHWLGLYH). The assays of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves indicated that RcMEP1 is an apoplastic elicitor of cell death, and that the predicted signal peptide functions and is required for secretion and cell death-induction. The purified RcMEP1 protein and its M43 domain peptide were individually able to induce plant cell death and H2 O2 accumulation, and to inhibit expression of host chitinases when infiltrated into wheat and N. benthamiana leaves, while the M43 domain-deleting peptide and negative control lacked the capacity. Moreover, compared with the control pretreatment, the purified RcMEP1 protein or its M43-domain peptide resulted in enhanced pathogenesis in the inoculated wheat, whereas the M43 domain-deleting peptide failed. These results suggest that RcMEP1 acted as an important pathogenicity factor during R. cerealis infection to wheat and that its signal peptide and M43 domain are required for the secretion and pathogenesis of RcMEP1. This study provides insights into pathogenesis role of M43 domain-containing metalloproteases during R. cerealis infection to wheat.     

分子标记辅助选育兼抗白粉病、条锈病、黄矮病小麦新种质

 选育和推广多抗、兼抗型小麦品种是今后小麦育种发展方向之一。本研究通过复合杂交、回交，将抗白粉病基因聚合体Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV、抗条锈病基因YrX（源自YW243）、抗黄矮病基因Bdv2向优异农艺亲本转育。利用抗病性鉴定和分子标记辅助选择，选育出聚合了3～5个抗病基因的兼抗白粉、条锈和黄矮病的冬性小麦新种质和春性小麦新种质，其中聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等5个抗病基因的冬性材料1株，聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2d 的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为2株、3株，聚合Pm4 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等4个抗病基因的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为6株和18株，聚合Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2、PmV +YrX +Bdv2等3个抗病基因的春性材料分别为7株和46株。本研究可为小麦多抗、兼抗育种提供遗传组成明确的丰富抗源和快捷的选择方法。     

用于PCR分析的小麦种子DNA微量快速提取

探索了不用液氮从小麦单粒、半粒有胚和半粒无胚中提取DNA的方法。结果表明，无论是单粒、半粒有胚和半粒无胚都能得到比较理想的DNA，DNA样品经SCAR-PCR特异标记检测，都能扩增出两条完全相同的特异务带。用无胚的半粒进行分子标记检测特别适合于对大批量早代材料目的基因的筛选。     

植物生长调节剂对布克荚蒾扦插生根的影响

以常绿品种布克荚蒾(Viburnum x burkwoodii)为试材,进行了嫩枝扦插研究。结果表明:布克荚蒾属于愈伤组织生根类型;用100mg/kg IBA1、00 mg/kg NAA均能促进插穗生根,以IBA效果最好;自制混合试剂对生根率有显著抑制作用;分析100 mg/kg IBA在不同时间处理后对插穗的生根率、不定根长、不定根数的作用,发现以21 h处理最佳。     

中国干旱区积雪面积产品去云处理方法验证与评估

针对MODIS每日积雪产品中云覆盖现象严重这一问题,以中国干旱区作为研究对象,结合AMSR-E被动微波雪深数据,采用多时相、多传感器数据融合的方法进行去云处理,获取MODIS每日,4 d,8 d和MODIS与AMSR-E融合后的每日,4 d与8 d共6种新的积雪产品,并分别提取其积雪持续日数（SCD）。对比结果显示,MODIS与AMSR-E多传感器的阈值法4日融合产品在融合算法效率、云去除效果和融合后保持较高分类精度方面均有较好表现,其融合后的无云产品在全天气条件下具有96%的整体分类精度、80%的雪分类精度和99%的陆地分类精度,大大高于研究区原MODIS Terra-Aqua每日融合积雪产品全天候条件下64%,32%和70%的整体、雪、陆分类精度;并且由其提取的积雪持续日数不仅在最大程度上保持了原MODIS产品高的空间分辨率,而且精度较高,对研究区积雪的空间分布状况有很好反映。     

水稻几丁质酶的原核表达、复性及体外抑菌活性的研究

利用RT-PCR反应,从纹枯菌诱导的水稻叶片cDNA中克隆了1个水稻几丁质酶基因RC7的全长编码序列（ORF）。通过亚克隆方法,RC7与原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1上的GST融合,构建成GST-RC7重组蛋白的原核表达载体pGST-RC7,然后,将其转化到大肠杆菌细胞中。经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导,获得了以包涵体形式高效表达的GST-RC7。经过洗涤、溶解（变性）、复性及纯化等处理,包涵体中GST-RC7得到溶解、复性和纯化。纯化的复性GST-RC7蛋白具有几丁质酶活性。对6种重要作物病原真菌进行体外抑菌活性分析的结果表明, RC7可显著抑制水稻纹枯病菌、小麦纹枯菌、小麦赤霉菌、棉花黄萎菌、烟草赤星菌的菌丝生长,说明RC7可作为上述植物病害抗性基因育种的重要基因。     

植物防卫基因PvPGIP2和TaLTP4的克隆及其对小麦的转化

多聚半乳糖酸醛酶抑制蛋白和脂质转移酶蛋白是植物产生的防卫蛋白,对植物病原真菌具有防御作用。本研究利用同源基因克隆策略和RT-PCR技术,成功克隆了1个菜豆的多聚半乳糖酸醛酶抑制蛋白（PvPGIP2）编码基因和1个小麦的脂质转移蛋白（TaLTP4）编码基因;由于它们在功能上具有协同作用,我们以pAHC25为骨架构建了Pv...     

2002-2009年中国干旱区积雪时空分布特征

以中国干旱区为研究对象,利用MODIS和AMSR-E融合后的2002-2009年8个水文年份（8月1日至7月31日）的无云积雪产品,计算并验证了用遥感方法提取研究区积雪日数、初雪日期和终雪日期的精度,结合积雪日数制图和积雪面积统计,分析了研究区8 a来积雪时空分布特征。结果显示：① 与气象台站观测资料获取的积雪参数的对比验证表明,遥感方法提取积雪参数的精度较高,误差日数大多在20 d以内,主要表现为遥感方法积雪日数的低估,初雪日期的延后和终雪日期的提前。② 除山地冰川和永久积雪外,天山和阿尔泰山山系间的北疆地区是研究区内季节性积雪最为丰富的地区,积雪日数一般在60 d以上,不过积雪的分布不均匀,大体上从边缘山区向内部盆地中心积雪日数递减,初雪日期延后,终雪日期提前。③ 干旱区在2005年、2007年和2002年积雪面积较大,而2008年和2006年积雪面积较小。各年稳定积雪存在的地区和范围相对稳定,面积变化不大,其年际变化主要体现在积雪日数的增减上;不稳定积雪的面积一般高于稳定积雪,且年际变化较大,积雪日数大多在20 d以内。     

人工合成小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析及新亚基的发现

利用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(SDS-PAGE)对106份人工合成小麦(2n=6x=42,AABBDD)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了分析。共检测到27种亚基类型,其中Glu-D1位点上的变异类型最为丰富,发现了包含一种未知亚基及新的亚基组合在内的18种不同类型。分析发现:Glu-A1,Glu-B1和Glu-D1三个位点均编码与小麦面包烘烤品质密切相关的优质亚基类型,如2*,7 8,14 15,5 10,5 12亚基。因此,本批材料可能对小麦的品质改良具有重要的应用价值。