多元判别在淡水鱼类生态对策判别中的应用

分析生态对策从典型的ｋ－选择类型到典型的ｒ－选择类型的６类共２８种淡水鱼类，用逐步判别法对这些鱼类的７项生态参数变量（渐近体长Ｌ∞，渐近体重ｍ∞，生长系数Ｋ，初次性成熟年龄ｔｍ，最大性成熟年龄ｔｍａｘ，瞬时自然死亡率Ｍ，种群繁殖力系数Ｆｐ）进行挑选。结果表明，在判别鱼类的生态对策类型时，除变量Ｆｐ外，其余６项变量作用显著。根据上述２８种鱼类的６项入选变量，用Ｂａｙｅｓ判别法建立生态对策判别函数估计式，并判定南方大口鲶（长江上游）、翘嘴红鱼白（长江下游）、鲥鱼（长江下游）的生态对策类型分别为“偏向ｋ－选择类型”、“偏向ｒ－选择类型”、“属于ｒ－选择类型”。     

黄河水系鱼类分布的模糊聚类分析

应用模糊聚类法对黄河水系鱼类分布进行研究,结果表明,当λ＝０．５２时,黄河水系鱼类分布可分为８类：黄河上游干流、星宿海、黑河、鄂陵湖为一类;黄河中游干流、渭河为一类;乌梁素海、哈素海、陕北高原河流为一类;冯家山水库、陆浑水库为一类;黄河下游干流、东平湖为一类;洮河、伊洛河、河口干流各为一类。     

淡水鱼类生态对策的主成分分析研究

选择渐近体长Ｌ∞、渐近体重ｍ∞、生长系数Ｋ、初闪性成熟年龄ｔｍ、最大年龄ｔｍａｘ、瞬时自然死亡率Ｍ和种群繁殖力系数ＦＰ等７项生态学参数作指标,用主成分分析法研究了我国２８种淡水鱼类的生态对策类型。结果表明,施氏鲟等３种鲟科鱼类属典型的ｋ－选择类型,鳜（雌）、赤眼鳟（东江）偏向ｋ－选择类型,大眼鳜等８种鱼类偏向ｒ－选择类型,银鲴等１０种鱼类属ｒ－选择糊弄,尖头塘鳢等４种鱼类属校典型的ｒ－选择类型,沙     

摄食水平对黄颡鱼生长和饲料利用效率的影响

测定了饱食1/3、饱食2/3和饱食水平下黄颡鱼的生长和饲料利用情况。结果显示:①随着摄食水平上升,湿重、干重、脂肪、蛋白质和能量特定生长率显著上升,其中湿重特定生长率与摄食水平呈直线相关,干重、脂肪、蛋白质和能量特定生长率与摄食水平呈对数曲线相关;②饲料转化效率、蛋白质和能量储积率随摄食水平的上升而显著上升,但蛋白质和能量储积率在饱食2/3和饱食水平时差异不显著。     

饲料蛋白质水平对黄颡鱼生长、ATP酶活性和免疫力的影响

用蛋白质水平分别为26％、32％、38％和44％的4种等能饲料投喂黄颡鱼，结果显示：（1）饲料蛋白质水平为38％组的黄颡鱼特定生长率和饲料转化效率最高（P〈0．05）；（2）蛋白质水平为44％组的ATP酶活性显著高于其他3组（P〈0．05），而其他3组之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；（3）随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和溶菌酶活性都显著提高。其中44％组和38％组显著高于32％组和26％组（P〈0．051，而44％组与38％组之间以及32％组与26％组之间均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。     

建鲤与异育银鲫生长、生化组成和饲料利用的比较

In order to investigate the difference in utilization of diets with different quality in Jian carp（Cyprinus carpio var. Jian）and allogynogenetic silver curcian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio), a 55 d growth trial was conducted and low quality diet (LQ-diet) and high quality diet (HQ diet) were tested. LQ-diet contained 33.91% dietary protein which is mainly from soybean meal while HQ-diet contained 45.59% dietary protein which is mainly from fish meal. The initial average body weights were from 5.58 g to 5.82 g for two fish strains. The trial was carried out in a system consisting of 12 self circulation 320 L tanks. During the experiment, the fish were fed to satiation twice a day (at 9: 00 and 15:00), and uneaten feed was collected 1 h after feeding and dried. Feces were collected twice a day (at 11:00 and 16:45) from the fecal traps and dried at 70 ℃. The results show that feed intake was higher in Jian carp than in allogynogenetic silver curcian carp when fed LQ diet, while there was no significant difference between weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency rate and apparent digestibility. When fed HQ diet, Jian carp showed a lower feed intake, but higher feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency rate than allogynogenetic silver curcian carp while there was no significant difference in the weight gain and apparent digestibility of both species. For Jian carp, feed intake and protein efficiency rate for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were not significantly different, while the fish fed HQ diet showed higher weight gain, feed conve rsion efficiency and apparent digestibility. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, the fish fed HQ diet showed significantly higher feed intake, apparent digestibility, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and lower protein efficiency rate. For Jian carp, body contents of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy for the fish fed HQ diet and LQ diet were significantly higher. For allogynogenetic silver curcian carp, body contents of dry matter and protein was significantly higher, while body contents of lipid and energy were affected by diet qualities. Compared to Jian carp, allogynogenetic silver curcian carp showed better utilization when fed LQ diet while poorer utilization when fed HQ diet.     

实验性肝硬化大鼠胰岛素抵抗的研究

临床研究发现肝硬化患者可出现胰岛素抵抗。针对这一发现,利用四氯化碳毒性肝硬变模型,进一步研究其葡萄糖耐量及血胰岛素水平。研究发现：肝硬变大鼠出现胰岛素抵抗,但肝硬化程度与血糖水平及血中胰岛素水平无明显相关。     

长湖青虾形态参数关系的初步研究

测量并分析了４２７尾长湖青虾的全长,体长,头胸甲及额剑长,体重及其相互关系,结果表明这些形态参数间的相关性较好,可用方程式表示：还研究了腹宽／体长、甲宽／体长、全长／体长三者与体长的关系,得出体长３￣４ｃｍ左右是长湖青虾体型趋于稳定的转折点     

饥饿对瓦氏黄颡鱼和异育银鲫鱼体生化组成的影响

水温(28±1)℃条件下,将初始平均体重为12.53 g的瓦氏黄颡鱼((Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardson))和初始平均体重为12.05 g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)饥饿24 d,并分别在试验开始、第6、12、18和24 d测定鱼体的干物质、蛋白质、脂肪和能量含量.结果显示,鱼体的上述指标在饥饿的第6 d显著下降,经过一段时间的稳定后在第24 d又有显著下降.两种鱼类的蛋白质、脂肪和能量含量随干物质含量的下降而下降,其中瓦氏黄颡鱼的下降趋势更为明显.     

铜鱼生活史类型的模糊模式识别

以典型的ｋ－选择类型的达氏鳇和典型的ｒ－选择类型的尖头塘鳢作参照物,选择渐近体长Ｌ∞、渐近体重ｍ∞、生长系数Ｋ、初次性成熟年龄ｔｍ、最大年龄ｔｍａｘ、瞬时自然死亡率Ｍ和种群繁殖力系数Ｆｐ等７项生态学参数作指标,用模糊聚类分析法研究了铜鱼的生活史类型,表明铜鱼属ｒ－选择类型鱼类。建议为了保护资源并获得较好的经济效益,应使捕捞强度不超过０６起捕年龄不超过３龄。