基于热力学定律的太阳能利用探究

本文对太阳能的起源、传播、与物质的相互作用以及储存和利用等各个方面所涉及的物理学定律,特别是对太阳能热利用所涉及的热力学定律进行了概括和归纳。根据热力学定律指出太阳能热利用的真正适用范围。     

培养基营养条件对瓠瓜枯萎病菌的影响(英文)

[目的]研究不同培养条件对瓠瓜枯萎病菌的影响。[方法]在鉴定了安徽省瓠瓜枯萎病菌病原物的基础上,进一步研究了不同培养基和营养条件对该病原菌的生长速率及产孢量的影响。[结果]瓠瓜枯萎病菌在不同培养条件下的生长速率和产孢量明显不同。PDA培养基最适合该病原菌的生长,产孢量以其最高;在麦芽糖为碳源或蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上该病原菌生长最快,产孢量最高。[结论]该研究为丰富瓠瓜枯萎病菌生物学提供了实验依据,并为瓠瓜枯萎病的研究及防治提供了理论基础。     

贮藏温度对成熟百香果贮藏品质的影响

为了探明贮藏温度对成熟百香果贮藏品质的影响,为提高百香果采后贮藏品质提供参考。以‘台农一号’百香果为材料,分别把成熟果实放于4℃、8℃冰箱和室温下贮藏,每2天测定相关品质指标。结果表明,低温贮藏（4℃和8℃）均能显著延缓百香果果皮转色和皱缩,可以保持较高感观品质和延长货架期,低温贮藏TSS、TA和TSS/TA和感官品质都没有显著差异(P>0.05)。室温贮藏,4～6天TSS显著高于低温贮藏(P<0.05),14天时显著低于低温贮藏(P<0.05),10天后TA显著低于低温贮藏(P<0.05),6天后TSS/TA显著高于低温贮藏(P<0.05),2～6天感官品质显著高于低温贮藏(P<0.05),10天后显著低于低温贮藏(P<0.05)。失重率都是随着贮藏时间延长和贮藏温度升高而升高。总之,6天前室温贮藏果实品质优于低温贮藏,而低温贮藏可以保持较高的感观品质和延长货架期。     

Beware of changes: Conservation of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins in disturbed habitats

1. Protecting critical habitats of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis, is a hot topic of discussion for marine biodiversity conservation in China and many Southeast Asian countries. In practice, sound habitat protection action (HPA) planning often suffers from information gaps in macroscopic habitat configurations and changes in the habitat conditions of humpback dolphins.
2. Recent publications in the journal Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) have served to advance humpback dolphin conservation in Chinese waters by resolving such habitat configurations and indicating significant changes in distribution patterns and habitat characteristics under intense coastal anthropogenic activity.
3. We highlight an integrative research framework to investigate habitat configuration and long‐term habitat changes when planning a holistic HPA programme for humpback dolphins. When constructing habitat configuration baselines, field surveys should be designed and conducted in a systematic manner to ensure survey efforts cover diverse environments equally, in either a spatially stratified or gridded pattern, to minimize potential spatial sampling biases. Long‐term habitat changes can be revealed by comparing satellite images from different decades. Changes in habitat preferences and habitat characteristics can be explored through questionnaire surveys on local ecological knowledge, associating historical occurrences with coastline features and projecting historical habitat configuration by species distribution modelling exercises.
4. A lack of good communication and sharing of information between research and management sectors can still be an obstacle to the implementation of sound conservation practices, however, even though there is robust scientific evidence to fill knowledge gaps in distribution and habitat baselines. We have addressed the need to establish a mechanism to improve and streamline information sharing between research teams, management sectors, and stakeholder groups.

     

安徽省油菜菌核病菌对多菌灵的抗药性监测

从安徽省望江、合肥、太湖、巢湖、蒙城、凤阳、灵壁、肥西、宣城、旌德等10个市县的油菜病茎上分离得到60个油菜菌核病菌菌株，并对其进行了抗药性监测。结果表明，有18株对多菌灵表现出不同程度的抗药性，上述各地均有抗药性菌株分布，但所占的比例不一，以蒙城系列（MCS）监测到的抗药性个体比例所占比例最大（66.7%），太湖（THS）最小（9.1%），但监测到THS-1对多菌灵的抗药性最强，高达743.8347mg/L。结果提示安徽省各地油菜菌核病菌已经对多菌灵产生了抗药性，且个别菌株已达到极高水平。     

基桩桩身形状识别的一种新方法

提出了一种用实测桩顶瞬态激励响应信号来识别桩身形状的方法，该方法能定量确定桩身缺陷的位置，延伸范围以及严重程度，从而为基桩桩身质量检测提供了一种新的可靠手段，文中给出了几个应用实例来说明方法的有效性。     

安徽省水稻主栽及后备品种对稻曲病的抗性研究(英文)

[目的]研究安徽省主栽及后备水稻品种对稻曲病的抗性。[方法]通过对安徽省17个后备水稻品种的抗病性试验以及对部分主栽品种的调查,鉴定了不同水稻类型品种对稻曲病的抗性。[结果]盐粳9号、80优226、天协1号、A01籼、绿粳糯6号表现为中抗,A03籼、扬粳636表现为感病,其余10个品种都表现为中感;对安徽省内主栽水稻品种进行稻曲病普查,结果显示水稻两优系列品种多数较为感病,新两优香4表现一定的抗病性。[结论]该研究结果为安徽省水稻抗病性栽植提供了指导。     

杂种棉养分吸收、光合物质生产特性的研究

通过对杂种棉川杂4号及其亲本养分吸收、光合物质生产特性的初步研究表明:棉株对氮、磷、钾的吸收均呈 Logistic 曲线,但三者吸收速度并不同步,养分吸收强度最大时期在初花期至盛铃期(30/6～28/7),此期吸收了约养分总量的60%;川杂4号的养分净积累量在各吸收期均较高,其养分吸收强度优势在初花期至盛铃期尤为显著,在三要素吸收     

Habitat configuration for an obligate shallow‐water delphinid: The Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin,Sousa chinensis,in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin)

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