APPLICATION AND EFFECTS OF RARE-EARTH ON SEEDLINGS

In order to improve the quality of seedlings and economic benefits,rare--earth experiments were carried out on eleven seedling-age-types of four silvicultral treespecies.Some indexes such as the increment,biomass and chlorophyl content weredetermined.The results showed that rare-earth can improve the growth in height anddiameter,increase the bioprductivity and increase the mean benefit by887766.29 yuan/hm~2.It is an effective method to improve the quality of seedlings for the characters such as lowcost and easy grasping.And the method can be widely used in seedling.     

A review of antimicrobial peptides: defensins and related cationic peptides

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are present throughout the plant and animal kingdoms and bear striking structural and functional similarities across species lines. They provide primitive, nonspecific means of combating a variety of bacteria, fungi, enveloped viruses, and protozoa. Some are also cytotoxic against host cells, including neoplastic cells. Cationic antimicrobial peptides may play various roles in inflammation and tissue repair. Antimicrobial peptides are found in epithelial tissues regularly exposed to microbial attack as well as in cells whose primary function is defense against potential pathogens. They constitute an important part of the nonoxidative antimicrobial arsenal of leukocytes. They are preformed and/or readily synthesized when the cells are stimulated by exposure to pathogens. They exert their effects directly by inserting into membranes of target cells and forming ion channels which increase membrane permeability; however, antimicrobial peptides can also act as opsonins to facilitate phagocytosis. Resistance to defensins is a virulence factor for organisms such as Salmonella sp. The study of cationic antimicrobial peptides is increasing our understanding of innate immunity, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of genetic diseases such as specific granule disease in humans. Therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides are currently under investigation.     

2BQM-6型免耕播种机设计及播种深度控制研究

根据北方地区免耕作业的农艺要求,设计了2BQM-6型气吸式免耕播种机,实现了破茬、开沟施肥、播种及覆土镇压等联合作业。在此基础上,针对免耕条件下作业地面平整度较差等因素所造成的播种深度变动大的问题,研究了播种深度调节机构和相应的参数。通过ADAMS软件对播种单体进行建模分析,研究其仿形机构不同参数对仿形效果的影响,寻求最佳仿形时的最优参数范围,以满足不同农作物种植深度不同的要求。该调节装置具有调节范围广、灵活及易于操作等特点。     

结合Sentinel-2影像和特征优选模型提取大豆种植区

准确获取大豆的空间分布对于产量估计、灾害预警和农业政策调整具有重要意义,目前针对种植结构复杂地区所开展的大豆遥感识别研究鲜有报道。该研究以安徽省北部平原的典型大豆产区——龙山、青疃镇为研究区,基于Sentinel-2数据提出一种分层逐级提取策略的大豆识别方法。该方法首先构建决策树筛选规则,剔除研究区内非农田地物,获得田间植被的总体分布;然后生成19个候选特征因子,包括分辨率小于等于20 m的10个波段反射率以及9个植被指数。在典型地物类型样本的支持下,将ReliefF特征权重评估算法与随机森林(RandomForest,RF),BP神经网络(Back-Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)和支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)相结合,分别构建ReliefF-RF、ReliefF-BPNN、ReliefF-SVM三种组合模型筛选出对于大豆识别最有效的特征,并基于布设在研究区内6个样方(大小为1 km×1 km)的无人机影像提取得到的大豆分布来评估3种模型在大豆制图中的表现。结果表明,ReliefF-RF模型表现最佳,基于该模型筛选出7个优选特征因子,大豆制图的总体精度介于85.92%～91.91%,Kappa系数在0.72～0.81之间,各个样方的提取效果均优于其他两种模型。此外,基于优选特征达到的提取精度明显高于原始波段反射率,虽然略低于全部19个特征的结果,但是数据量降低了63.16%。该研究可以为农田景观破碎、种植结构复杂地区的大豆种植区提取相关研究提供有价值的参考和借鉴。     

黄土坡面不同植被冠层降雨截留模型模拟效果及适用性评价

为探明植被冠层降雨截留水文生态效应,该文通过对黄土区坡面柠条林和杏树林冠层截留量的动态监测与模型模拟,分析了不同类型植被冠层降雨截留规律及其模型模拟的适用性。结果表明:2种不同类型植被冠层降雨截留的特征差异显著。柠条林冠层截留量随大气降雨量的增加而逐渐增加,稳定截留率约为15%。杏树林冠层截留率相对较低,特别是在降雨量小于5mm的量级,冠层"漏斗"效应明显。杏树林冠层截留率与降雨量之间未表现出明显的趋势关系,稳定截留率约为10%。对于柠条林冠层截留规律的模拟,以降雨量和冠层郁闭度为变量的崔启武模型的决定系数为0.74,以降雨量为变量的王彦辉模型的决定系数为0.68;但对于"漏斗"状结构的杏树林冠层,2个模型均未能得到较好的模拟结果。     

基于膜上开沟方式的穴苗移栽机设计

针对膜上穴苗移栽机存在的效率低以及膜上覆土不实的问题,提出了一种膜上开沟栽植的新方法。同时,利用三维设计软件设计了移栽机的整机结构,介绍了移栽机的工作原理,并对关键部件结构与参数进行了设计,实现了膜上移栽机的高效移栽和膜上覆土,旨在为高效膜上移栽机的下一步研究提供参考。     

Dust levels and control methods in poultry houses

This article summarizes information from the papers and posters presented at the international symposium on "Dust Control in Animal Production Facilities", held in Aarhus (Denmark) on 30 May-2 June 1999. Dust concentrations in poultry houses vary from 0.02 to 81.33 mg/m3 for inhalable dust and from 0.01 to 6.5 mg/m3 for respirable dust. Houses with caged laying hens showed the lowest dust concentrations, i.e., less than 2 mg/m3, while the dust concentrations in the other housing systems, e.g., perchery and aviary systems, were often four to five times higher. Other factors affecting the dust concentrations are animal category, animal activity, bedding materials and season. The most important sources of dust seem to be the animals and their excrements. Further studies on the effects of housing systems on dust sources and their compounds are desired for development of a healthier working environment in poultry production facilities. Adjustment of the relative humidity (RH) of the air in a broiler house to 75% will have an effect on inhalable dust, but not on respirable dust. A slight immediate effect on the respirable dust was observed after fogging with pure water or water with rapeseed oil. In an aviary system, a 50 to 65% reduction of the inhalable dust concentration was found after spraying water with 10% of oil and pure water, respectively. To obtain a higher dust reducing efficiency, improvement of techniques for application of droplets onto dust sources will be desired.     

Historical Trace Metal Accumulation in the Sediments of an Urbanized Region of the Lake Champlain Watershed, Burlington, Vermont

This study documents the history ofpollution inputs in the Burlington region of LakeChamplain, Vermont using measurements of anthropogenicmetals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ag) in four age-datedsediment cores. Sediments record a history ofcontamination in a region and can be used to assessthe changing threat to biota over time and to evaluatethe effectiveness of discharge regulations onanthropogenic inputs.Grain size, magnetic susceptibility, radiometricdating and pollen stratigraphy were combined withtrace metal data to provide an assessment of thehistory of contamination over the last 350 yr inthe Burlington region of Lake Champlain. Magneticsusceptibility was initially used to identify land-usehistory for each site because it is a proxy indicatorof soil erosion. Historical trends in metal inputs inthe Burlington region from the seventeenth through thetwentieth centuries are reflected in downcorevariations in metal concentrations and accumulationrates. Metal concentrations increase above backgroundvalues in the early to mid nineteenth century. Themetal input rate to the sediments increases around1920 and maximum concentrations and accumulation ratesare observed in the late 1960s. Decreases inconcentration and accumulation rate between 1970 andthe present are observed for most metals. Theobserved trends are primarily a function of variationsin anthropogenic inputs and not variations in sedimentgrain size. Grain size data were used to removetexture variations from the metal profiles and resultsshow trends in the anthropogenic metal signals remain. Radiometric dating and pollen stratigraphy providewell-constrained dates for the sediments therebyallowing the metal profiles to be interpreted in termsof land-use history.