-蒎烯合成2-羟基-3-蒎酮的研究

研究了高锰酸钾氧化α-蒎烯合成2-羟基-3-蒎酮的工艺条件,对助溶剂等影响因素进行了探讨,较优工艺条件为:以叔丁醇为助溶剂,不改变pH值,温度0-5℃,KMnO4与α-蒎烯的物质的量比为1.7:1～1.8:1,先加α-蒎烯后加KMnO4.所得2-羟基-3-蒎酮采用IR、MS、1H NMR、3C NMR进行了表征,产率达60%,与文献相同,助溶剂改用叔丁醇后回收率＞90%,高于原用助溶剂丙酮(回收率70%).     

Photosynthate Unloading from Seed Coats of Phaseolus vulgaris L. an Attempt to Define Conditions Required for Stimulation by Abscisic Acid and Benzylamino Purine

The instablity of the stimulation of photosynthate unloading from seed coats of Phaseolus vulgaris by abscisic acid (ABA ) and benzylamino purine ( BAP ) was studied in terms of experimental conditions. ABA stimulated photosynthate unloading at pH 6 and pH 8 without close dependence upon pH. ABA at a concentration range of 10-5-10-4 mol/L displayed stimulatory effect. However, BAP revealed no effect at a concentration range of 10-6-10-4 mol/L. Experiments designed with different transport time of 14C-photosynthate indicated that ABA might act at the plasma membrane of the unloading cells. Reducing endogenous ABA level by diminishing leaf area did not facilitate the manifestation of exogenous ABA function. Potassium ion stimulated photosynthate unloading from seed coats with highest promotion at 100 mmol/L K . However, no dependence of ABA stimulation of photosynthate unloading on K was found.     

黑杨无性系日CO2固定总量的测定及与苗木生产潜势的相关性研究

通过对不同基因型黑杨无性系植株净光合速率日变化曲线与光合主体叶面积在时间和光强上进行累计积分来计算植株日CO2固定总量P。由于净光合速率日变化曲线不易准确测得，故以光响应曲线和光强的日变化来推测净光合速率日变化。对P值和生物量的相关性研究表明，二者的相关性很高。且认为可以用计算出的P值作为评估苗木生产潜势的指标之一，这为育种中生产力的早期选择提供了有力的证据。     

不同海拔下甲醇替代率和主喷正时对RCCI发动机性能的影响

为探究不同海拔条件下甲醇/柴油反应活性控制压燃（reactivity controlled compression ignition, RCCI）发动机的运行特性,该研究基于甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机试验台架,试验研究1 800r/min、100%负荷和3 200r/min、100%负荷下不同甲醇替代率、柴油喷射正时对发动机燃烧与排放性能的影响规律。结果表明：不同海拔条件下随着甲醇替代率的增加,缸压和瞬时放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧始点和燃烧中心前移,当量有效燃油消耗率（equivalent brake specific fuel consumption, ESFC）降低,有效热效率升高,NO_x和碳烟排放大幅降低,THC（total hydrocarbons）和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、100%负荷工况下,甲醇替代率由0增至20%,0、1 000、2 000m海拔下最大缸压平均增加1.72MPa,瞬时放热率峰值平均升高25.08J/(°),ESFC平均降低4.67%,有效热效率平均升高4.90%,NO_x和碳烟排放分别平均降低16.63%和50%,THC和CO排放量分别平均增加142.03、388.18 mg/kg。3 200 r/min下甲醇替代率由0增至7%,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低1.76%,有效热效率平均升高1.79%,NO_x和碳烟排放量分别平均降低8.17%和20.70%。海拔高度由0升至2 000m,1 800r/min、20%甲醇替代率与3 200r/min、7%甲醇替代率下,瞬时放热率峰值分别降低4.80和8.08J/(°),燃烧中心分别推迟1.44°和1.43°,有效热效率分别降低0.82%和0.68%,ESFC分别升高2.10%和1.99%,NO_x排放量分别减少10.61%和7.35%,碳烟排放分别增加26.54%和32.12%,THC排放分别升高29.88%和15.45%,CO排放量分别增加22.42%和18.15%。固定甲醇替代率后,随着柴油主喷正时提前,不同海拔条件下缸压和放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧中心向上止点靠近,ESFC逐渐降低,有效热效率升高,碳烟排放减少,NO_x、THC和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、15%甲醇替代率下,主喷正时从-1.5°提前至-7.5°,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低8.27%,有效热效率平均升高9.08%,碳烟排放平均减少90.94%。为提升高海拔条件下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机的热效率和燃油经济性,可以适当增大柴油主喷正时。研究结果可为不同海拔环境下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机燃烧与污染物排放控制优化提供参考。     

Effects of Taoren Honghua Jian on the hyperlipidemia without symptom

AIM: To examine the effect of traditional chinese medicine recipe, Taoren Honghua(semen persicae-flos carthami) decoction, on hyperlipidemia without symptom. METHODS: The plasma TC, TG, LDL, HDL, apolipoprotein(Apo) A, Apo Bof the patients with hyperlipidemia without symptom were measured using automatic analyzer (shimadiu CL-7200), the production of nitric oxide(NO) was detected by Greiss reaction, and SODactivity and MDAformation were examined using o-trihydroxy benzene and barbituric methotheds, respectively. RESULTS: After oral administration of Taoren Honghua decoction, the plasma levels of TC, TG, LDL, and MDAof the patients were markedly decreased, however, the plasma levels of ApoA, HDL, SODand NOwere significantly increased and almost no change was detected in the plasma level of Apo B. In control group, it was found that although the plasma level of TC, TG and LDL were decreased ( P<0.05 ) and ApoAas well as HDLwere increased, ApoB, SOD, MDA and NO production were all unchanged. CONCLUSION: The traditional chinese medicine recipe, Taoren Honghua decoction,has a significant therapeutic effect on patients with hyperlipidemia by removing blood stasis, promoting qi circulation and in turn reducing blood lipid level.     

Relation between TNF-α,TNFR I expression and apoptosis in oral lichen planus

AIM: To examine the expression and distribution of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR I) and apoptosis in oral lichen planus, and evaluate their roles and relation in the oral lichen. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and TUNEL were employed to study the expression of TNF-α, TNFR I and apoptosis in 50 cases of oral lichen planus and 10 normal oral mucosa specimens. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, TNF-α expression was upregulated in mononuclear cells in lamina propria and decreased in keratinocytes in oral lichen planus lesion (P<0.05). On the contrary, TNFR I expression was increased in keratinocytes and decreased in lamina propria in oral lichen planus lesion (P<0.05). The increased apoptosis index in keratinocytes and the decreased apoptosis index in lamina propria were found in oral lichen planus (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The accelerated apoptosis of keratinocytes and the inhibition of lymphocytes apoptosis may contribute to the formation and progression of oral lichen planus.     

喀斯特山区草地施肥对放牧乌蒙半细毛羊抗氧化系统功能的影响

为选择草地施肥的肥料种类,减少施肥对乌蒙半细毛羊产业的影响,在威宁县凉水沟种羊场多年生人工草地开展施肥和放牧试验。 结果表明:凉水沟种羊场人工草地牧草铜含量相对较低,但仍高于乌蒙半细毛羊营养需要标准;施肥极显著增加牧草氮含量(P<0.01),各施肥处理之间没有明显差异。硫酸铵施肥显著增加牧草硫和锌含量(P<0.01),显著降低了牧草硒的含量(P<0.01)。放牧试验结束时,施硫酸铵草地的乌蒙半细毛羊血液中铜、铁和硒的含量极显著低于施硝酸铵草地和对照组(P<0.01), 动物血液锌和硫含量极显著高于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照组(P<0.01)。硫酸铵施肥牧场的乌蒙半细毛羊血红蛋白、红细胞压积容量极显著低于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照牧场(P<0.01),血清铜蓝蛋白含量、血清超氧化物歧化酶活力、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力和血清过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶的活力极显著低于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照牧场(P<0.01),丙二醛的含量显著高于硝酸铵施肥牧场和对照牧场(P<0.01)。血液其他矿质元素和血液指标及血清生化值在2个施肥处理和对照之间均差异不显著。 因此得出结论,草地施肥的种类需要根据土壤矿物质分布和含量情况确定,铜含量低的牧场不适合硫酸铵施肥,硫酸铵施肥明显影响了乌蒙半细毛羊机体抗氧化系统功能。     

环境设计专业园林树木学课程实践教学探讨

园林树木学是环境设计专业的专业基础课程,课程专业性强。实践教学是其教学中的一个重要环节,是园林植物系列课程实践教学体系的重要组成部分。该文分析了浙江农林大学暨阳学院环境设计专业学生特点和实践教学现状,提出了精选教学内容及实习场地、改进教学方法和方式等实践教学改革建议,以期为制定适合环境设计专业学生的课程实践教学方案提供参考。     

深色有隔内生真菌（DSE）功能和重金属耐性机制研究进展

重金属污染具有滞留时间久、难恢复和难治理等特点,重金属污染土壤修复备受关注。深色有隔内生真菌（Dark septateendophytes,DSE）可与多种植物建立良好的共生关系,其在促进植物生长、与植物联合共生增强植物对重金属的耐性机制及修复重金属污染土壤方面发挥着重要作用。为系统阐述DSE功能及其对重金属耐性机制,本文综述了DSE的结构特征及定植规律,其促进宿主植物生长的作用机制,重点分析了重金属胁迫下DSE的应答机制（吸附螯合、调控基因表达、抗氧化应激和“区室化”作用等）,总结了DSE-植物共生体系在修复重金属污染土壤中的应用现状和前景,以期为DSE在重金属污染环境中的应用提供理论参考。