中草药饲料添加剂的特点及发展趋势

近年来 ,对使用化学合成药物、抗生素和激素作为饲料添加剂的安全性已受到人们的高度重视 ,各国都在进行研究 ,许多国家对使用抗生素类添加剂采用立法控制。而中草药由于没有化学合成药物和抗生素的各种弊端 ,作为饲料添加剂已引起世人的广泛关注。天然中草药是我国民间传统的瑰宝 ,既无抗药性和耐药性 ,也无药害残留并有营养和药用的双重作用 ;既可防治疾病 ,又能够提高生产性能 ,不但能直接抑菌 ,而且能调节机体的免疫功能 ,具有非特异性免疫抗菌作用 ,是大有前途的畜禽饲料添加剂。1　分类根据中草药添加剂作用的差异 ,可将其分为营养性…     

沙棘叶中4，4′-二羟基-2′-甲氧基查耳酮的分离与鉴定

利用硅胶柱和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析，从沙棘叶子中分离并鉴定出黄酮类成分，进一步分离得到4，4′-二羟基-2′-甲氧基查耳酮，并对其结构进行了结构鉴定。     

Astrocyte proliferation in the rat hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion

AIM: To study rat astrocyte proliferation in ipsilateral hippocampus following focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Ischemia was induced by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In hippocampus of rats at 3, 7 and 30 days after MCAO, the numbers and anatomic distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of GFAP and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the ipsilateral hippocampus were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Astrocytes appeared hypertrophic, with increased process thickness and numbers at 7 days after MCAO, and the highest density of astrocytes were seen at 30 days in the CA1, CA2 regions of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Western blot analysis revealed that GFAP levels were normal at 3 days, but increased by 7 days and remained elevation at 30 days. Western blot analysis of PCNA protein also revealed identified upregulation PCNA at 3 days after MCAO and the expression peaked at 7 days. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that focal cerebral ischemia in the rat results in a rapid response, a process often referred to as reactive astrogliosis or glial scarring, from resident astrocytes of the ipsilateral hippocampus to the side of ischemia.     

河北省近40年干旱变化特征分析

根据1961—2000年河北省69个站逐月降水资料,采用Z指数作为各代表站旱涝等级划分标准,根据计算出的Z指数把旱涝情况划分成7个等级,并在此基础上计算了河北省历年干旱的严重程度和干旱发生的范围。对近40年来的资料分析表明:这一区域冬季干旱面积变化不大,春、秋季干旱面积呈减小的趋势,夏季干旱面积呈扩大趋势,年干旱面积也呈扩大趋势。     

基于改进YOLOv4-tiny的茶叶嫩芽检测模型

精准检测茶叶嫩芽是茶叶机械智能采摘的重要前提。针对茶叶大小不一、遮挡造成的小尺度嫩芽特征显著性弱、漏检率高等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv4-tiny的茶叶嫩芽检测模型。该模型在颈部网络添加52×52的浅层特征层以提高YOLOv4-tiny网络对小目标嫩芽的关注度,通过引入卷积块注意力机制（Convolutional block attention module,CBAM）以抑制背景噪声,提高嫩芽特征的显著性,采用双向特征金字塔网络（Bidirectional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）以融合不同尺度的特征信息,从而提出一个高性能轻量化的茶叶嫩芽检测模型YOLOv4-tiny-Tea。对同一训练集与测试集进行模型训练与性能测试,结果表明YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型检测精确率和召回率分别为97.77%和95.23%,相比改进之前分别提高了5.58个百分点和23.14个百分点。消融试验验证了网络结构改进对不同尺度嫩芽检测的有效性,并将改进后的YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型与3种YOLO系列算法进行对比,发现改进后的YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型F1值比YOLOv3、YOLOv4、YOLOv5l模型分别提高了12.11、11.66和6.76个百分点,参数量仅为3种网络模型的13.57%、13.06%和35.05%。试验结果表明,YOLOv4-tiny-Tea模型能有效提高不同尺度下嫩芽检测的精确率,大幅度减少小尺寸或遮挡嫩芽的漏检情况,在保持轻量化计算成本的基础上获得较为明显的检测精度,能够满足农业机器人的实时检测和嵌入式开发的需求,可以为茶叶嫩芽智能采摘方法提供参考。     

南京小龙山植物内生与土壤微生物群落差异及其矿物风化功能的研究计划项目

以南京小龙山植株海州香薷、根际土壤与非根际土壤作为材料得到可培养的植物内生细菌、根际细菌与非根际细菌,通过研究样品间的群落差异,来分析所得菌种对植株、土壤的作用与影响.将可培养细菌加入钾长石中,通过测定分析不同生境细菌对矿物的风化能力,筛选出具有高效释放矿质元素能力的菌株.该研究有助于丰富微生物资源库,了解植物内生细菌与不同土壤微生物的作用与联系,为深入阐明细菌的矿物风化作用机制打下基础.     

一种新型双翻斗雨量计的研制

翻斗式雨量计作为雨量计家族中的一员已有数百年的历史。 1663年,与牛顿同时代的英国科学家雷恩和胡克创制了翻斗式自记雨量计。     

施用生物有机肥抑制香蕉镰刀菌萎蔫病的研究

Fusarium wilt is one of the most serious diseases of banana plants caused by soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense(FOC). In this study a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different bio-organic fertilizers(BIOs) on Fusarium wilt of banana, including the investigations of disease incidence, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities of banana plants, and FOC populations as well as soil rhizosphere microbial community. Five fertilization treatments were considered, including chemical fertilizer containing the same N, P and K concentrations as the BIO(control), and matured compost mixed with antagonists Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21 and Trichoderma harzianum T37(BIO1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N6(BIO2), Bacillus subtilis N11(BIO3), and the combination of N6 and N11(BIO4). The results indicated that the application of BIOs significantly decreased the incidence rate of Fusarium wilt by up to 80% compared with the control. BIOs also significantly promoted plant growth, and increased chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase activities by 55%–65% and 17.3%–120.1%, respectively, in the banana roots. The population of FOC in the rhizosphere soil was decreased significantly to about 104 colony forming units g-1with treatment of BIOs. Serial dilution plating and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the application of BIOs increased the densities of bacteria and actinomycetes but decreased the number of fungi in the rhizosphere soil. In general, the application of BIOs revealed a great potential for the control of Fusarium wilt disease of banana plants.     

大豆胞囊线虫VIGS载体的构建与鉴定

拟克隆大豆胞囊线虫肌钙蛋白(Hg-tnc)和酰胺样多肽(Hg-flp)基因的部分片段,构建胞囊线虫的病毒诱导基因沉默体系(VIGS),以期为大豆抗胞囊线虫抗性品种的培育及胞囊线虫基因功能验证的研究奠定理论基础。利用RT-PCR方法从大豆胞囊线虫中克隆出目的基因,电泳检测表明,克隆的Hg-tnc基因和Hg-flp基因部分片段分别约为1 000 bp和700 bp。将目的基因连接到烟草脆裂病毒载体pYY13上,转化大肠杆菌,利用PCR进行初步鉴定后进行序列测定。结果表明,大豆胞囊线虫Hg-tnc基因和Hg-flp基因已插入到pYY13载体上,VIGS载体构建成功。