Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity

To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance.     

The Effect of Diet on the Biochemical Composition of Juvenile Artemia: Potential Formulations for Rock Lobster Aquaculture

The lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile Artemia fed continuously on four diets—the microalga Tetraselmis suecica , a mix of oat bran-wheat germ-lecithin (OWL), OwL-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and OWL-EPA-arachidonic acid (AA)—were examined over a 9-d experiment in an attempt to approximate the FA profile of phyllosoma larvae of wild southern rock lobster Jasus edwardrii . The main difference in lipid class composition of Artemia fed the four diets was the relative level of polar lipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG). By day 9, the algal-fed Artemia were highest in PL (95% of total lipid) and lowest in TAG (2%), whereas the remaining diets resulted in Artemia with 16–30% PL and 41–82% TAG. After 2 d, the relative FA composition of all Artemia treatments closely reflected those of the diets, with no marked change after further feeding (to day 9). In terms of the content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), by day 5 Artemia fed: 1) with the algal diet contained 7 mg/g FA dry mass (0.3% DHA, 6.3% EPA, 3.4% AA of total FA); 2) with the OWL diet contained 3 mg/g (0.3% DHA, 0.9% EPA, 0.7% AA); 3) with the OWL-EPA diet contained 55 mg/g (6.2% DHA, 11.6% EPA, 1.1% AA); and 4) with the OWL-EPA-AA contained 83 mg/g (3.8% DHA, 7.5% EPA, 17.4% AA). The PUFA profiles of Artemia using the OWL-oil diets were similar to wild rock lobster phyllmmata, although levels of doco-sahexaenoic acid (DHA) were lower (10% DHA) than in J. edwardsii larvae. On the basis of PUFA composition data alone, the results suggest the suitability of the OWL-oil mixed diets for consideration for feeding to Artemia used in the culture of southern rock lobster larvae, particularly if the level of DHA can be further enhanced.     

Epidemiological survey of Phthorimaea operculella granulosis virus in Tunisia

In Tunisia, Phthorimaea operculella is an important pest in traditional, unrefrigerated potato stores. An integrated control approach including the use of biological control agents and specifically insect viruses is being developed. From this perspective, we carried out a screening and an evaluation of local Phthorimaea operculella granulosis virus naturally present in Tunisian pest populations. On the basis of symptomatology, P. operculella larvae were collected from different regions (North, Cap Bon, Sahel). Indirect ELISA using a serum raised against the purified Tunisian isolate of the virus was used to establish the geographical distribution of the virus. Comparison of the two approaches showed that symptomatology is not so virus-specific, as morphologically healthy insects were sometimes ELISA-positive. The serological technique therefore gives better detection of the virus.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

花生抗锈病种质筛选及抗性QTL分析

锈病是影响花生产量和品质的主要真菌性病害。本研究以“中花10号×ICG 12625”构建的重组自交系群体(RIL)为材料,在武昌和阳逻两个环境中对其F₈群体进行锈病抗性鉴定,获得了8份抗锈病材料(QT0348、QT0368、QT0400、QT0402、QT0419、QT0458、QT0463和QT0485)。利用前期构建的遗传图谱进行QTL分析,检测到10个与锈病抗性相关的QTL,贡献率为4.54%～10.78%,分布于7条染色体上。其中,qBB06.1和qBB06.4为重复一致的QTL,贡献率为10.76%。根据侧翼标记在物理图谱进行比对,发现对应区段含有193个基因,其中178个基因被注释,功能注释基因中有1个NBS-R基因。本研究结果为花生抗锈病的遗传改良奠定了基础。     

申氏杆菌37-1中群体感应淬灭内酯酶AiiS的功能分析

许多植物病原细菌通过群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)系统调控相关毒性因子的表达,而群体感应淬灭(quorum quenching,QQ)是通过干扰QS系统,达到防治植物细菌性病害的重要策略之一.本研究利用原位培养法分离得到2000多株不同菌株形态的植物根围细菌,结合QS系统信号分子检测平板筛选到7株具有Q...     

家蚕微孢子虫感染家蚕对其中肠和血液蛋白酶活性影响

本试验测定了不同浓度剂量微孢子虫感染家蚕后,家蚕中肠和血液中蛋白酶的变化.并对不同浓度剂量家蚕微孢子虫感染家蚕后对家蚕发育的影响和不同组织中所含微孢子虫孢子的浓度等作了初步的研究.从本实验中可以看出,感染不同浓度微孢子虫的家蚕,体内相同组织的微孢子虫数量存在显著差异.而感染相同浓度微孢子虫的蚕,不同组织中微孢子虫的数量也有差异,中肠的微孢子虫数量远高于其他部位.感染微孢子虫后,家蚕血液中的蛋白酶活性显著升高,中肠的蛋白酶的活性变化不显著,而感染微孢子虫的数量对血液和中肠中的蛋白酶的活性无显著影响.     

帆张网帆布面积对网具作业性能的影响

帆布面积增加在促进网口扩张的同时,也使网具整体阻力增加.为了明晰帆布面积对网具整体作业性能的影响,以网口面积与网具阻力的比值(K)作为帆张网网具性能比较参数,通过模型实验分析帆布面积对网具作业性能的影响,结果显示,流速为0.24 m/s时,K值随帆布面积增加而递增,但增速逐渐趋缓,帆布面积趋于0.288 m2时,K呈现...     

First wild sighting of the white-eyed river-martin, Pseudochelidon sirintarae

The white-eyed river-martin (Pseudochelidon sirintarae), first discovered in 1968 at Bung Boraphet in central Thailand by professional bird-netters, was seen for the first time in the wild by an ornithologist in 1977. This species clearly overwinters in Thailand, and it is possible that it nests somewhere in Thailand or China. The species is in a precarious situation, and trapping could eliminate it unless drastic measures are taken. It is suggested that bird-netting should be reduced, and that a sanctuary should be set aside for the bird.     

脱氢枞胺水杨醛类席夫碱(Schiff Bases)对铜离子萃取性能的研究

合成5种脱氢枞胺水杨醛类Schiff碱,对其萃取铜离子的影响因素进行研究,并与萃取剂N902对电镀废水中铜离子的萃取性能进行了比较.结果表明:萃取温度和萃取时间对铜离子萃取率的影响不明显,萃取温度在20～30 ℃、萃取时间为2 h就能达到萃取平衡;大部分Schiff碱在低pH范围内对铜离子的萃取效果不理想,在高pH范围内有较好的萃取性能.DHAA 2,3,4-三羟基苯甲醛的萃取效果与N902相当.