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1.
Bałczewski P Bachowska B Białas T Biczak R Wieczorek WM Balińska A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1881-1892
The aim of this work was to synthesize chiral ionic liquids as chiral solvents for organic synthesis and to evaluate the phyto(eco)toxicity of the new products and starting N-alkylimidazoles and their potential environmental influence on soil and plants. Chiral ionic liquids containing anions such as Cl-, Br-, TsO-, PF6(-), NO3(-), CF3SO3(-), and (+)- and (-)-C6H5CH(OH)C(O)O- were synthesized using (-)-(1R)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-ethyl [(-)-(1R)-nopyl] halides (X = Cl, Br) and tosylate in 62-100% yields. The chloride 7 and the nitrate 13 ionic liquids possessed a toxicity dependent on the applied concentration. The lowest concentration causing a distinct reduction in plant germination/growth was 100 mg/kg. Spring barley better tolerated the ionic liquids (200 mg/kg) than common radish (100 mg/kg). The nitrate liquid did not exhibit an inhibiting effect on the germination ability of seeds. The starting N-methylimidazole used in lower concentrations (1 and 10 mg/kg of soil dry weight) was not phytotoxic, in contrast to higher doses (>1000 mg/kg). 相似文献
2.
Phillip F. Steyn BVSc MRCVS MS David Twedt DVM Wanda Toombs CVT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(4):327-331
The gastric emptying half-time of solid food in normal cats was determined using a scintigraphic technique. 99m Tc-sulfur colloid was applied to dry food. Sequential images were acquired post prandial, and the gastric emptying half-time was determined for several different acquisition and processing parameters. Good correlation was found between different acquisition and processing methods, some of which made use of edge detection applications, while others used different views, or number of views from which the gastric emptying half-time was calculated. The mean ± standard deviation, (range) and median of the gastric emptying half-time determined using the geometric mean of total counts in hand-drawn regions of interest from the lateral and ventral images were 2.47 × 0.71, (1.42–3.61) and 2.37 hours respectably. 相似文献
3.
为比较全雌翘嘴鳜Siniperca chuatsi与自交翘嘴鳜Siniperca chuatsi胚胎发育及仔幼鱼生长速度,采用人工繁殖的方法获得全雌翘嘴鳜和自交翘嘴鳜后代的受精卵,在水温为26~28℃条件下孵化,对全雌翘嘴鳜和自交翘嘴鳜后代的胚胎发育进行观察与比较,并详细记录了受精卵受精、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器... 相似文献
4.
Mieczys?aw?Kowalski Wanda?Ma?ekEmail author Jadwiga?Czopska-Dolecka Ma?gorzata?Szlachetka 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,39(4):292-294
Using Tn5 mutagenesis of lysogenic Sinorhizobium meliloti strain L5–30 (L54), three neomycin-resistant transconjugants differing in phage-resistance profiles were isolated. Two of them increased the dry weight of plants and were capable of establishing root nodules, whereas the third one was ineffective. The bacterium-phage interaction did not have observable consequences in the Medicago sativa - S. meliloti symbiosis because it did not affect the number of nodules on M. sativa or plant dry weight. 相似文献
5.
From roots of Taraxacum udum, two new and four known sesquiterpene lactones were isolated, together with five known phenolic compounds. The new compounds were characterized as 11β, 13-dihydrotaraxinic acid and taraxinic acid 6-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranosyl ester by spectroscopic methods, especially 1D and 2D NMR, and by comparison with structurally related compounds. The plant material was shown to be a good source of taraxinic acid derivatives. 相似文献
6.
Teresa Ostaszewska Konrad Dabrowski Katarzyna Czumiska Wanda Olech & Marta Olejniczak 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(12):1167-1176
The present study evaluated the performance of two commercial diets: AgloNorse (AN) and BioKyowa (BK), and two experimental, formulated diets based on casein (C) or casein plus casein hydrolysates (CH) in rearing of pike‐perch larvae (Sander lucioperca L.). All fish were 5 day old and control group was fed live Artemia nauplii. Fish were sampled periodically for histological comparison of morphological changes in the digestive tracts. Survival of fish fed Artemia nauplii, BK and AN was similar: 54.4%, 50.8% and 52.4%, respectively, while the fish fed formulated diets C and CH showed considerably lower survival: 28.4% and 21.6% respectively. After 5 weeks of rearing, the average body mass of fish ranged from 212±32 mg in Artemia fed group to 53.8±6.8 mg in C diet fed group. A considerable vacuolization of supranuclear zone in enterocytes of posterior intestine was observed in the larvae fed commercial diets. No anomalies in liver development were found. Hepatocytes of fish fed BK diet showed larger glycogen storage areas, compared with those occupied by lipids. The highest zymogen accumulation of pancreatic cytoplasm was observed in fish fed Artemia. In fish fed C and CH diets, anomalies in digestive system development were indicated by lower and less numerous intestinal folds, smaller hepatocytes, retarded development of gastric glands, and in CH group – also local fatty degeneration of liver. 相似文献
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9.
Hong D Gupta R Ancliff P Atzberger A Brown J Soneji S Green J Colman S Piacibello W Buckle V Tsuzuki S Greaves M Enver T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5861):336-339
Understanding cancer pathogenesis requires knowledge of not only the specific contributory genetic mutations but also the cellular framework in which they arise and function. Here we explore the clonal evolution of a form of childhood precursor-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by a chromosomal translocation generating a TEL-AML1 fusion gene. We identify a cell compartment in leukemic children that can propagate leukemia when transplanted in mice. By studying a monochorionic twin pair, one preleukemic and one with frank leukemia, we establish the lineal relationship between these "cancer-propagating" cells and the preleukemic cell in which the TEL-AML1 fusion first arises or has functional impact. Analysis of TEL-AML1-transduced cord blood cells suggests that TEL-AML1 functions as a first-hit mutation by endowing this preleukemic cell with altered self-renewal and survival properties. 相似文献
10.
Munro LJ Curioni A Andreoni W Yeretzian C Watzke H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):3092-3096
Aroma is central to a pleasurable eating/drinking experience but is one of the most labile components of food. Coffee is an outstanding example. Attempts to avoid or control aroma degradation are often frustrated by ignorance of the microscopic mechanisms that are responsible for it. One of the processes most frequently invoked is radical formation, yet the identity of the radicals and their involvement in aroma degradation are poorly understood at the molecular level. Here a step forward in the fundamental understanding of this complex problem is taken by identifying the most relevant radicals and their products using first-principles calculations. Over 100 radicals originating from key aroma compounds found in coffee and other foods have been studied and classified according to an unambiguous criterion: their thermodynamic stability relative to common radical sources. This classification scheme predicts that most aroma molecules are resistant to both peroxidation and attack from phenolic antioxidants but are unstable with respect to radicals such as .OH. Dimers--generated from radical reactions--were also considered, and the most volatile species, which may further contribute to coffee aroma degradation, were focused on. Those--which are very few indeed--that have this potential have been identified. 相似文献