安徽药用牡丹炭疽病病原菌鉴定

<正>牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)是芍药科植物,为多年生落叶灌木,具有很高的观赏和药用价值。因其风姿华丽、色彩艳丽、品种繁多、深受大家喜爱,是中国传统名花和世界著名花卉之一。其根皮也被称为丹皮,具有抗炎、抑制血小板、止痛、清热等作用,是六味地黄丸等著名中成药的主要配方,也是饮片中的常用品[1-2]。近年来,随着牡丹种植面积的不断扩大,造成牡丹病害的大面积发生,已给牡丹生产带来严重影响。     

铜、锌离子影响丹参金属硫蛋白MT2基因表达

植物金属硫蛋白在金属离子的储存、运输和代谢及降低重金属离子的毒性等方面起着重要作用本文研究了Cu2 、Zn2 对丹参毛状根中金属硫蛋白基因表达的影响.以6,7-V为液体培养基,分别以缺乏正常及原培养基100、500、1 000倍的cu2 、Zn2 处理,采用半定量PCR法检测不同时间点时金属硫蛋基因的表达情况.结果发现Cu2 、Zn2 诱导金属硫蛋基因的表达量分别在100倍处理量时的9 h和6 d达到峰值Cu2 、Zn2 能显著诱导丹参金属硫蛋白基因的表达,该基因可能在丹参对铜、锌元素的吸收方面发挥着重要的作用.     

黑米红枣乳酸菌发酵饮料品质分析

以黑米和红枣为原料,制备新型复合乳酸菌发酵饮料,测定其理化指标、总酚和黄酮质量浓度及DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力,采用电子鼻、电子舌和SPME-GC-MS对2种饮料的感官特性和挥发性风味物质进行比较分析。结果表明:与红枣乳酸饮料相比,黑米红枣乳酸菌发酵饮料酸度和总固形物含量增大,颜色更加鲜亮丰满;黑米红枣乳酸饮料的总酚和总黄酮质量浓度、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除率显著高于红枣乳酸饮料;电子鼻和电子舌对2种饮料的感官特性及其差异有很好的识别能力;黑米红枣乳酸饮料与红枣乳酸饮料的醛类、酮类、醇类、脂类等挥发性香气成分及有机酸成分有较大差异,黑米红枣乳酸饮料相比红枣乳酸饮料有更好的色泽、风味、滋味和适口性。     

Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever

To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.     

虹鳟鱼链球菌病的诊断

1986年以来,作者对东北地区虹鳟鱼常见病进行了调查,发现链球菌病是一种多发病.发病日死亡率高达0.2%-0.5%.病鱼大部分外观无明显异常,剖检可见肠发炎和肛门淤血、肝脏呈暗红色或呈退了色的脂肪肝,肾肿大.从病鱼肾脏、肝脏等器官取病原菌,试验结果表明:此菌呈现非溶血性,能在40%胆汁培养基上发育,能水解七叶灵和马尿酸,并进行了血清分群鉴定,最后确定虹鳟鱼链球菌病是由兰氏血清学D群的粪链球菌引起的.本文也揭示了链球菌病与饵料质量的关系.     

籼稻93-11类病斑突变体的特征研究

水稻类病斑突变体是研究系统性抗病机理的理想材料。通过对籼稻93-11干种子进行辐射诱变,筛选获得了156株稳定遗传的水稻类病斑突变体,根据病斑表现型将其分为9类。突变体的病变组织大部分从播种后4~5周开始出现。通过体外接种试验,发现与野生型93-11相比,spl078和spl104对白叶枯病和稻瘟病的抗性增强。用荧光定量PCR技术对spl073,spl078和spl104中抗病相关基因PBZ1,POC1,PR1,PAL3和POX22.3的表达情况进行研究,结果表明,spl078和spl104中这些基因的表达水平高于野生型和其它突变体。进一步研究类病斑的产生与抗病通路标记基因之间的关系显示,这些标记基因在病斑形成过程中表达明显变化;而病斑形成后,表达相对稳定。本研究结果为进一步研究水稻广谱抗病机制和抗病育种提供了良好的实验材料。     

二十世纪的世界林业

20世纪的世界林业,为解决森林资源继续减少,木材供需矛盾,生态环境恶化和能源危机等问题,在发挥森林的多种效益,实行森林的永继利用和林业的综合集约经营的指导思想下向前发展。其主要特点是:保护和发展森林资源,科学管理和集约经营森林资源,合理节约利用森林资源。预测,到21世纪,世界林业必将向社会化、综合化与集约化方向有较大的发展。     

急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究

旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究,探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头,肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18,剂量10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1。试验期间的死亡猪,全部进行系统剖检和取材,制备石蜡切片,苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准,病变（无序分类变量）用频率和百分比表示,病变程度（有序分类变量）按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明,发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征,发病率100%,病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征,尸体易腐败,血凝不良或溶血,尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿（败血脾）、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官,病变最为显著,出现时间最早,持续时间最长,发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出,包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现,出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终,在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示,急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍,共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。     

中药植物羌活种子休眠解除的代谢组分析

传统中药植物羌活的种子因具有休眠限制了其人工驯化和栽培种植。为了解析羌活种子休眠解除过程的代谢物变化,筛选休眠解除关键化合物,对羌活种子进行冷暖层积预处理150 d,并对预处理的种子进行低温层积处理110 d,以及ABA抑制剂氯定酮（FL）和GA₃（GA）处理,用UPLC-MS/MS对处理过程的羌活种子进行代谢物分析。结果表明：羌活种子整个处理过程分为3个阶段,0—60 d、90—（150+30） d、（150+60）—（150+110） d。其中,预处理+低温层积处理（150+60） d和（150+110） d 的羌活种子已具备萌发能力。t[1] 主成分所代表的化合物是预处理0、15、60、90、120 d的胚发育处理过程发生主要变化的化合物。t[2] 主成分所代表的化合物主要在生理休眠解除过程发生变化。差异分析发现,列当醇乙酸酯是一种独脚金内酯化合物,在种子休眠解除过程发生显著积累。其中,FL处理后列当醇乙酸酯的生物合成水平升高12.1倍,而低温层积处理后其合成水平升高28.5倍。因此,推测列当醇乙酸酯含量变化对羌活种子休眠解除非常关键。研究结果可为羌活种子休眠解除机理研究提供理论基础,对中药羌活的产业发展具有重要的实践意义。     

Novel Prenylated Indole Alkaloids with Neuroprotection on SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress Targeting Keap1–Nrf2

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Molecules non-covalently binding to the Keap1–Nrf2 complex could be a promising therapeutic approach for PD. Herein, two novel prenylated indole alkaloids asperpenazine (1), and asperpendoline (2) with a scarce skeleton of pyrimido[1,6-a]indole were discovered from the co-cultivated fungi of Aspergillus ochraceus MCCC 3A00521 and Penicillium sp. HUBU 0120. Compound 2 exhibited potential neuroprotective activity on SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress. Molecular mechanism research demonstrated that 2 inhibited Keap1 expression, resulting in the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, activating the downstream genes expression of HO-1 and NQO1, leading to the reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the augment of glutathione. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation analyses manifested that 2 interacted with Keap1 (PDB ID: 1X2R) via forming typical hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds with residues and presented less fluctuation of RMSD and RMSF during a natural physiological condition.