用简易诊断法检查判断液压系统各元件的工作性能

故障的排除首先在于判断，目前基层维修网点大多数没有检测仪器和设备，出了故障乱拆乱卸，导致液压元件工作失灵，甚至整车液压系统瘫痪。拖拉机液压系统产生故障的主要原因是液压元件工作性能恶化引起的。为此，介绍了在没有检测仪器和设备的条件下，如何应用简易诊断法检查判断各液压元件的工作性能。     

黄土沟壑区开采沉陷对地形因子的影响研究

以黄土沟壑区的采煤沉陷区为研究对象,以地面数字高程模型和开采沉陷预计结果为基础数据,基于ArcGIS平台对煤矿开采沉陷区的地形数据进行分析处理,研究开采沉陷前、后地形因子的变化特征,并对不同地形因子之间的相关性进行了分析.研究结果表明:黄土沟壑区地面高程、坡度、坡向、起伏度等各种地形因子均受开采沉陷影响而发生改变,开采沉陷和地形因子之间存在明确的量化关系,而平均高程、起伏度、曲率、沟壑密度等因子与地面坡度之间存在显著的相关性.研究结果有助于揭示煤矿开采沉陷区的地形地貌演变规律,为保护西部矿区的生态环境提供技术支持.     

Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

Preparation and Identification of Canine Parvovirus NY Strain VP2 Protein Polyclonal Antibody

This study was aimed to prepare canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 protein polyclonal antibody.The recombinant expression vector pET28a-CPV-VP2 was constructed and transfromed into E.coli BL21 (DE3),the expression of recombinant proteins was induced by IPTG from which the fusion protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.The target protein was purified and emulsify with adjuvant,the prepared immunogen was inoculated into rabbit by subcutaneous injections to prepare of VP2 protein specific polyclonal antibody.The immuno-activity,titers,neutralization titers of the prepared polyclonal antibody were determined by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA).The results showed that the expressed recombinant protein VP2 (rVP2) existed in the form of inclusion body with a molecular weight of 72 ku.The prepared polyclonal antibody titer was 1 600 dilution,the virus titer was 10⁷ TCID₅₀/mL,the neutralizing titer was 1∶2 884.The antibodies showed specific reaction with CPV.In conclusion,rVP2 specific polyclonal antibody showed wonderful immunocompetence,specificity and neutralizing activity,providing foundation for the development of genetic vaccine and clinical therapeutic method.     

介电式脱绒棉种分选机的研制

为了提高棉花种子的发芽率，采用了先进的计算机控制技术，研制了介电式棉种分选机，达到了利用种子的介电特性进行分选的目的。试验表明，该机工作稳定可靠，操作方便．完全满足种子精选的要求，具有广泛的推广前景。     

奶牛饲喂技术与设备的现状分析

随着我国奶牛养殖业的高速发展,对奶牛饲喂机械化设备的需求较为迫切.为此,介绍了传统饲喂、TMR饲喂和饲喂机器人等3种饲喂技术,并对其配套设备的优缺点进行了分析,指出了以个体奶牛体况的精细化饲养来实现数字化养殖是将来的发展趋势.     

大型悬吊井筒抽芯式泵机组安装质量控制

由于悬吊井筒抽芯式泵机组结构不同于传统的苏式泵，按原有的规范和要求不能保证该型机组安装检修质量．仅以厂家提供的说明书要求进行安装，因制造工艺、精度等原因，运行过程中，机组稳定性差，故障率高等一直困扰着使用单位．为保证机组安装质量，消除机组运行中常见的不正常现象和故障，以64LKXA-24．5型立式泵机组为例，针对该型机组结构形式的特殊性，根据规范的安装要求，结合安装检修过程中存在的问题，介绍了该形式泵机组的主要安装方法，提出了相应的注意事项．     

改性玉米芯制备太阳能界面蒸发体及其性能分析

针对天然生物质材料应用于海水淡化领域,蒸发效率较低、材料容易降解等问题,采用多巴胺对天然玉米芯进行改性处理,以改性玉米芯为基底,在其表面包覆炭黑-纤维素薄膜,制备了一种集光热转换、输水、隔热于一体的太阳能界面蒸发体。对改性玉米芯蒸发体的光学吸收性能、输水性能、接触角进行表征,并搭建了室内蒸发试验和户外蒸发试验系统,测试了改性玉米芯的蒸发性能,与天然玉米芯相比,改性玉米芯蒸发体的蒸发速率相对未改性的提升了约10.4%。对改性玉米芯蒸发体进行了30次循环试验,蒸发体均保持稳定的蒸发速率,整个循环测试中蒸发速率波动不超过1%。并且,长期工作后,蒸发体表面没有盐分沉积,没有出现材料软化、降解现象。改性玉米芯蒸发体在海水环境中能够保持良好、稳定的蒸发性能,且能够有效降低海水中的Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺等离子浓度,达到世界卫生组织所规定的饮用标准中的相应限值。改性玉米芯蒸发体的制备方法简单、成本低廉、蒸发性能稳定,为扩展生物质材料在海水淡化领域的应用提供了有效途径。     

抽水蓄能机组低水头起动过渡过程压力脉动分析

抽蓄机组在低水头起动时易进入其全特性曲线的反S不稳定区,从而导致机组并网失败,严重影响机组的安全稳定运行。其中机组内部复杂流动演变导致的剧烈压力脉动是影响机组动态特性的关键。该研究基于计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）数值模拟方法对水泵水轮机低水头起动过程进行研究,重点分析了导叶与尾水管区域的压力脉动特性及产生原因。结果表明：机组起动过程中,无叶区时均压力幅值是固定导叶与活动导叶间的6倍,且时均压力幅值在无叶区沿周向分布不均。动静干涉主导了无叶区时均压力和脉动压力的变化,而在上游固定导叶与活动导叶间的动静干涉作用主要影响的是压力脉动幅值。尾水管直锥段压力脉动在机组起动过程不同阶段表现出不同的波动特征,PID(proportion integration differentiation)调节阶段压力波动较为明显。通过内部流动对比发现,活动导叶开启会引起无叶区水流速度的分布变化和波动,活动导叶小开度下转轮进口和无叶区存在明显的大尺度旋涡,这些和动静干涉联合作用是导致无叶区时均压力和脉动压力波动幅值高的原因。尾水管涡带在起动过程经历了从边条状涡...     

模拟降雨量对锌在土壤层中的吸附和迁移研究

采用静态吸附过程和动态柱淋洗方法研究了不同模拟降水量下锌在土壤中的吸附和迁移.结果表明:锌在土壤中的吸附平衡时间为24 h.加入不同淋洗剂及调节淋洗剂的pH值(3.8～7.8)能显著影响锌在土壤中的吸附能力,较高pH值具有更强的吸附能力.1/2模拟年降雨量能使1 000 mg添加锌垂直迁移20 cm土壤层.柠檬酸淋洗液在不同pH值下对锌在土壤中的迁移有较好的防止作用.