化学法和生物法制备巨菌草腐植酸的比较

对化学方法和生物方法制备巨菌草(Pennisetum sp.)腐植酸和黄腐酸进行分析比较。结果表明,硝酸、盐酸、乙酸、草酸、氨水均能降解纤维素、半纤维素或木质素从而生产腐植酸和黄腐酸,其中10.0%氨水提取巨菌草得到的腐植酸含量最高,其次为37.5%硝酸和37.5%盐酸,草酸和乙酸提取得到的腐植酸含量最低。枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、毛霉(Mucor)、根霉(Rhizopus)、青霉(Penicillium)在巨菌草腐殖质的形成中均起到了积极作用,其中根霉对木质素的降解程度最高,生成总腐植酸的含量最高。根霉发酵制备得到的总腐植酸含量是10.0%氨水提取得到的总腐植酸含量的1.45倍,毛霉发酵制备得到的总腐植酸含量是10.0%氨水提取得到的总腐植酸含量的1.29倍,而枯草芽孢杆菌和青霉发酵制备得到的总腐植酸含量比10%氨水提取得到的总腐植酸含量低。37.5%硝酸提取得到的黄腐酸含量是毛霉发酵制备得到的黄腐酸含量的1.79倍,22.5%盐酸提取得到的黄腐酸含量是毛霉发酵制备得到的黄腐酸含量的1.98倍。综上可知,生物发酵法制备得到的总腐植酸含量比化学法提取得到的总腐植酸含量要高,而化学方法提取得到的黄腐酸含量比生物发酵法制备得到的黄腐酸含量要高。     

紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的初步定位

以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)不育系MS-GN-1A为母本,恢复系MS178为父本组合构建BSA分离群体,获得的F1代均表现为雄性可育,在大田种植了221株F2代群体单株,盛花期将花粉颗粒染色后,显微镜下观察统计出,不育的F2代株数为57,可育F2代株数164,并没有观察到半不育植株。将所有植株划分为可育和不育两组,并构建可育和不育DNA混池,混池DNA从可育和不育植株组DNA中各随机抽取20个样品,以此对恢复基因定位。随机挑选160对已知的四倍体苜蓿SSR引物扩增基因池DNA,获得2个具有多态性的分子标记,分别是Mt2c12、AW166,初步定位Rf基因在类群Composite5上。将类群Composite5上的所有引物进行合成,进一步进行引物筛选,最终获得4个具有多态性的标记BI68、Mt2c12、BG267和AW776153,遗传距离分别为19.0、20.9、44.6和72.1cM。     

木薯组培苗中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分析

以TM60444和SC9木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)组培苗根、茎、叶为材料,采用乙醇∶丙酮溶液萃取方法,利用紫外-可见分光光度计对两种木薯组培苗根、茎、叶中的叶绿素和胡萝卜素含量进行了测定,并对类胡萝卜素生物合成相关基因进行了定量分析。结果表明,两个品种叶绿素和胡萝卜素含量都是叶>茎>根;而类胡萝卜素含量是叶>茎≈根。     

施肥量对滴灌骏枣光合作用、产量及品质的影响

以6年生骏枣(Zizyphus jujuba)为试材,研究了滴灌条件下不同施肥量对密植骏枣光合作用、产量及品质的影响,并研究了氮、磷、钾元素与产量的相关性,采用隶属函数法综合评价了各施肥处理。结果表明,钾肥最有利于枣树叶片光合作用潜能的发挥,其次是氮肥和磷肥,同时在氮肥较充足的情况下更有利于钾肥作用的发挥;氮、钾肥充足,磷肥适度能提高产量、增加果实纵横径及果实单果重,提高商品果率;南疆滴灌骏枣N、P₂O₅、K₂O最佳施肥配比为1∶0.66∶0.83。     

一种促进植物根系生长的极细链格孢菌蛋白质分离、纯化和生物功能

通过硫酸铵沉淀、有机溶剂沉淀、离子交换和分子筛连用的方法，从极细链格孢菌JH505菌株中分离纯化到分子量约为35kD的植物激发子。利用固相梯度凝胶双向电泳方法测定了该蛋白的等电点为4．22。将该纯化蛋白稀释液浸泡小麦种子8h，7d后小麦根系琥珀酸脱氢酶活性提高65．27％，经蛋白处理的小麦根长比对照提高13．1％。     

不同基因型绿豆苗期耐盐碱性分析及其鉴定指标的筛选

为明确不同基因型绿豆幼苗耐盐碱特性,筛选耐盐碱绿豆鉴定指标,建立可靠的绿豆耐盐碱性数学评价模型,以30个绿豆品种为试验材料,按NaHCO_3与草炭、蛭石复合基质重量比设置0(CK)、0.6%胁迫两个处理水平,对不同基因型绿豆幼苗的20个形态与生理生化指标进行测定,以各单项指标的耐盐碱系数(SATC)作为衡量耐盐碱性的依据,利用多元分析方法对不同绿豆品种耐盐碱能力进行了综合评价。通过主成分分析将20个单项指标转化为8个相互独立的综合指标,通过隶属函数法计算获得的各品种综合耐盐碱能力D值,利用聚类分析将30个绿豆品种划分为4类,其中中绿9号、绿丰2号、吉绿9号和洮绿3号为高度耐盐碱品种;采用逐步回归建立绿豆幼苗耐盐碱性评价数学模型,并筛选出净光合速率、相对电导率、最大光化学效率、可溶性糖含量、初始荧光、地上干重、地下鲜重7个鉴定指标,可进行不同基因型绿豆耐盐碱性强弱的快速评价与预测。     

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。     

近50年中国气温变化的区域差异及其与全球气候变化的联系

采用1961-1990年逐年年平均气温资料,运用旋转经验正交函数(REOF),将中国大陆划分为8个气温变化区。之后依据1951-2000年逐月气温和年平均气温资料,采用线性回归和滑动平均等方法分析各个区域的气温变化趋势和特征。最后分析了六个遥相关指数与每个区域年平均气温、冬季气温、夏季气温标准化序列的相关关系,指出中国气温变化与全球气候变化的相关性。研究发现:1951—2000中,我国大陆35oN以北地区年平均气温变暖显著于35oN以南。23-35oN、90-112.5oE即青海南部、西藏东部、四川和云南的西部变冷。所有区域90年代为最暖期,且都存在显著变暖趋势。35oN以北地区冬季的变暖速率显著大于夏季和年平均气温的升温速率。我国的气温变化与全球气候变化有一定程度的相关关系,而且不同季节,响应全球大气变化的区域也不同。     

Infection of human enterovirus 71 in immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys

AIM: To investigate the infection process of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) in a rhesus monkey model of immunosuppression.METHODS: The monkey immunosuppression model was established by oral administration of cyclosporin A at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg for 7 days. Fourteen days after inoculation of EV71 FY23 strain via respiratory and digestive tracts, the infectious monkeys were sacrificed, and then the pathological changes of systemic organs were observed and the viral analysis in different tissues was performed.RESULTS: Compared with the experimental group without cyclosporin A, more positive results were observed in the immunosuppressed monkeys, such as more severe clinical symptoms, higher viral load/antigen expression and more pathological changes in the organs.CONCLUSION: The findings of the viral multiplication in the host provide evidence for evaluation of EV71 vaccine, and also indicate the delimitation for the population using EV71 vaccine in future.     

Influence of Tangshen formula on endothelial function and hemorheology in diabetic nephropathy rats

ATM: To explore the influence of Tangshen formula (TS) on endothelial function and blood rheology in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. METHODS: The DN rat model was established by intravenous injection of low-dose (30 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) after having the high-fat/high-glucose diets for one month. The animals were divi-ded into DN model group, TS group and valsartan group. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), renal cortex blood flow and hemorheology were monitored. The content of von Willebrand's factor (vWF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the serum was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, FBG,TC,TG, vWF and PAI-1 were increased in DN model group (P<0.05), and no significant difference of FBG was observed. Compared with normal group, plasma viscosity, Casson viscosity, whole blood high/medium/low-shear viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte rigidity index and erythrocyte electrophoresis time were increased, and erythrocyte deformation index was decreased in DN model group (P<0.01). Compared with DN model group, plasma viscosity, Casson viscosity, whole blood high/medium/low-shear viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte rigidity index and erythrocyte electrophoresis time were decreased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference for erythrocyte deformation index in TS group. Compared with normal group, the renal cortex microcirculation blood flow in DN model group was significantly decreased. Compared with DN model group, the renal cortex microcirculation blood flow was significantly increased in TS group (P<0.05), and no significant change in valsartan group was found.CONCLUSION: Tangshen formula plays a protective role in the kidney of diabetic rats by improving the blood rheology and endothelial function, thus ameliorating the renal cortex microcirculation blood flow in experimental diabetic rats.