西瓜可溶性固形物含量近红外透射检测技术

设计的近红外透射式西瓜可溶性固形物含量（SSC）检测系统主要包括光纤光谱仪、光纤透射附件、数据采集卡以及自制光源。对50个麒麟瓜SSC进行了预测试验,采用主成分回归和偏最小二乘回归法分别建立了样品的原始光谱、一阶微分光谱、二阶微分光谱和SSC的预测模型,结果表明偏最小二乘回归法建立的模型具有较高的相关性,相关系数为0．951,均方根校正误差0．347,均方根预测误差0．302,样本真实值与预测值的相关系数为0．910。     

节能保质的卷盘式喷灌机双喷枪技术

针对卷盘式喷灌机搭载单喷枪灌溉所需工作压力较高的问题,文中提出使用双喷枪组合灌溉,并对双喷枪与单喷枪在不同工作压力下的移动喷洒水量分布开展试验,对比分析2种喷枪在不同轮灌组合间距下的灌水均匀度.结果表明,双、单喷枪工作压力分别为0.10和0.25 MPa时,其喷洒幅宽分别为45.08和45.60 m, 2种喷枪以1.5倍喷头车喷洒半径组合轮灌时,组合均匀度分别为81.72%和80.36%,喷洒效果基本相同.运用等效年值法,对2种喷枪的初始投资、能耗费和年运行费进行对比发现,此工况下,双喷枪的初始投资、能耗费和年运行费分别为27.45,77.58和105.04元/hm²,单喷枪分别为12.95,193.96和206.91元/hm²,双喷枪初始投资虽略有增加,但能耗费和年运行费较单喷枪分别减小了60.00%和49.23%.因此,使用双喷枪喷洒可在保证喷洒质量的同时,降低工作压力、能耗费和年运行费.     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

正交胶合木力学性能的研究综述

通过概述正交胶合木力学性能和影响因素,阐明正交胶合木力学性能模型预测分析以及正交胶合木在高应力作用下的破坏模式;并对在抗震、抗火条件下正交胶合木力学行为特征的研究进行总结。其中正交胶合木力学性能影响因素主要从物理构造特性、制备工艺、锯材种类3个方面进行综述;由于正交胶合木属于新兴材料,对其力学性能评估过程漫长且资源消耗量大,国内外学者利用有限元模拟建立力学模型,对正交胶合木力学性能进行预测,并利用层板力学性能通过模型计算正交胶合木的力学性能,有效减少了工作内容。正交胶合木在外力作用下的破坏模式主要是横向层锯材的滚动剪切破坏、胶层破坏直至最终的底层受拉破坏,而影响正交胶合木力学性能最主要的因素就是横向层锯材的滚动剪切破坏。在火灾条件下正交胶合木的力学行性能主要取决于木材自身的特性,高温对层间剪切性能影响不大。针对CLT抗震行为的研究,主要利用计算机模拟地震条件对正交胶合木力学行为的影响。针对目前正交胶合木力学性能研究中尚未解决的问题及有待进一步开展的研究项目提出建议,利用断裂力学及微观力学对正交胶合木的破坏机制进行研究。     

Excel应用于方差分析的实训教学探究

针对国内应用型本科湖南文理学院院校概率统计课程的实训教学越来越多地注重Excel作为初学者操作平台的现状,就非平衡数据和嵌套结构的数据在Excel中实现方差分析的过程进行探究。突出以组内矫正数为主线整理数据后简化平方和分解公式的理念,使得Excel中进行方差分析时,数据整理流程完全格式化,平方和的分解步骤更为简洁,自由度分解、F检验等步骤不再繁琐,为非统计专业本科阶段借助Excel电子表格率先实现概率统计课程实训教学的宽口径模式提供借鉴。     

Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal,fish meal,spray‐dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs

This study sought to determine whether fermentation could increase apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) greater than that of soybean meal (SBM) in weaned pigs. Four weaned pigs (10.00 ± 0.30 kg) were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas and randomly followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design of treatments (SBM, FSBM, fish meal and spray‐dried plasma protein). Overall, the fermentation process was able to reduce the amount of anti‐nutritional factors (ANF), including trypsin inhibitors, raffinose and stachyose, in the FSBM diet, which were significantly reduced by 39.4, 92.2, and 92.9%, respectively, as compared to the SBM diet. As a consequence of ANF reduction in FSBM, the AID of DM, N and E as well as AA was significantly greater with FSBM than SBM. Taken all together, the fermentation process improved the nutritional quality of SBM, due to ANF reduction, leading to improvement of digestibility of AA. As such, FSBM can be potentially used as a specialized feed ingredient, especially for young animal diets in an attempt to reduce diet costs.     

大兴安岭主要乔木灰分含量的试验分析

通过对大兴安岭地区主要乔木灰分含量的测定,分析了不同树种以及同一树种不同部位灰分含量的异同,并试图分析产生差异的原因。研究结果表明,各树种均以干部灰分含量为最低,树皮和枝部灰分含量差异不大;山杨除树干以外,灰分含量明显高于其它树种;树种之间灰分含量差异显著,而上、中、下部枝之间以及其它部位之间灰分含量差异不显著。可燃烧物灰分含量与全碳量之间存在负相关关系。     

Maize defence mechanisms against the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Maize is arguably the most widely grown crop in the world, but it is often associated with one of its major insect pests, the European corn borer (ECB). The damage caused by this species to maize production is generally variable, but in many cases it is economically significant. This review paper provides an overview of the research findings on the natural plant defence mechanisms against ECB larvae published till now. What is resistance and how it is achieved, what is the chemical response of maize plants to insect feeding and how tolerance can be increased. A short introduction in breeding for resistance and a discussion if the mentioned traits can be used in conventional breeding in order to create maize hybrids less affected by ECB are given.     

数控仿真软件在教学中的应用特点分析

分析数控仿真软件在数控加工课程教学中的应用特点,并针对其优缺点提出了相应的措施,以期在教学过程中能充分发挥分析数控仿真软件的优点,克服其缺点,提高教学效果,使学生尽快掌握数控机床的操作技能.