Effect of dietary vitamin C and ammonia concentration on the cellular defense response of Macrobrachium nipponense

This study examined the effects of dietary vitamin C and ammonia concentration on the cellular defense response of Macrobrachium nipponese . The response of the cellular defense was determined by monitoring changes in reactive oxygen intermediates in hemocytes, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase activity in muscle. The results showed that prawns fed the basal diet had a significant increase in reactive oxygen intermediates in response to exposure to ammonia-N. When dietary vitamin C was added to the feed, there was a significant decrease in reactive oxygen intermediates in response to exposure to ammonia-N. Total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity of prawns fed the basal diet decreased as ammonia-N increased. This decrease in activity was significantly less pronounced in prawns that were fed the dietary vitamin C supplement. In prawns that were fed the dietary vitamin C supplement there was no significant variation in catalase reductase or gluxathione reductase activity in response to variations in ammonia-N concentration. The glutathione transference activity increased at a low concentration of ammonia-N in prawns that were fed the dietary vitamin C supplement, but there was no significant variation in the prawns fed the basal diet. Overall the results indicate that dietary vitamin C supplements enhance the capacity of M. nipponese to respond to elevations in ammonia-N. This response involved several biochemical reactions known to be involved in cellular defense.     

明清实学思潮的理论创新与本体论特点

从明中晚期到鸦片战争前后的本体论学说主要表现为对宋明道学本体论的批评和对新的本体论形态的探求。犹如西方哲学史中本体论的现当代转化一样 ,思想家们在扬弃“道”、“理”、“心”等僵化的本体过程中 ,力图对相当于海德格尔的“此在”的“主体”进行界定。他们不把本体当作圆满的先验预设 ,认为道德学首先应该使自身成为知识学。这种本体论思想的出现标志着中国本体思想的近代转化     

GRC构件在建筑装饰业的应用

本文系统地阐述了GRC构件的产品性能,施工工艺及方法、特点,展望未来建筑业外装饰的发展趋势。     

Selection and amplification of the liver stem cell subset from rat bone marrow cells with a medium containing cholestatic serum in vitro

AIM: To explore the feasibility of direct separat and selective enlargement of the bone marrow-derived liver stem cells (BDLSC) from bone marrow cells with a culture system containing cholestatic serum in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow cells of rats were cultured with selective media containing 2%, 5%, 7% and 10% cholestatic rat serum, respectively. The BDLSC were then induced to proliferate with the addition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the firth day. BDLSC were characterized using immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR for lineage markers, glycogen staining and urea synthetic assay for functions 2 weeks later. RESULTS: Bone marrow cells were unble to form colony in the presence of 2% cholestatic serum and apopotosis appeared gradually in 7% or 10% cholestatic serum. The BDLSC survived in the medium containing 5% cholestatic serum while the other types of cells did not. The survival cells proliferated with a high speed during the second week and then formed hepatocyte-like colony-forming units (H-CFU). Cells in the H-CFU expressed the characteristic proteins of fetal hepatocytes. Furthermore, they had glycogen storage and urea synthesis functions, two of the critical features of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: The selective micro-environment effectively selected BDLSC from the bone marrow cell, and will be a new way to provide an abundant source of donor hepatocytes for clinical cell therapy.     

引起糖甜菜细菌性叶斑病的萎蔫短小杆菌新致病变种

 1995年在内蒙古临河市新发现了糖甜菜细菌性叶斑病,从病斑所分离的10个细菌菌株经柯赫氏法则验证,均确系该病的病原菌。采用形态观察、表型特征和生理生化特性测定、数值分析、血清学反应、细胞化学成分分析、DNA G+C mol%和DNA-DNA同源性测定进行了鉴定,并与植物病原棒形细菌15个标准菌株进行了比较。该病原菌为革兰氏阳性细菌,不规则短杆状,有一根鞭毛、亚极生或侧生,结合其生理生化特性、细胞化学成分和DNA G+C mol%和DNA-DNA同源性测定结果,认为应属于短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)的萎蔫短小杆菌(Cur. flaccumfaciens),数值分析也支持这一结论。此外,据血清学反应结果及其对短小杆菌属的其它植物寄主的致病情况,认为该病原菌应是萎蔫短小杆菌种下的一个新的致病变种,定名为Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. beticola pv. nov. Chen et al.,2000(萎蔫短小杆菌糖甜菜致病变种)。     

关于修订桃种质资源(Prunus persica)描述体系的建议

评价是种质资源工作的重要环节之一,是资源利用与共享的基础。目前,中国桃种质资源的评价描述体系一般是按照中国1990年编制的“桃种质描述符”进行。通过对国际植物遗传资源委员会1980年编制“桃描述系统″和中国“桃种质描述符”在评价的层次、评价内容、评价方法和评价标准的系统比较,以及2个标准在种质资源科研实践使用过程中存在的不足之处,结合中国桃种质资源工作的特点和国外资源的描述方法的新进展,提出中国桃种质资源描述系统的修改建议,为建立中国标准化、数字化的桃种质资源描述系统奠定基础。     

金华地区牧草引种试验研究初报

对从国外和北京引进的13个牧草品种在金衢盆地进行了栽培及品比试验。结果表明：籽粒苋、苏丹草、俄罗斯饲料菜、甜高梁等鲜草产量高；紫花苜蓿、白三叶、鲁梅克斯、欧洲菊苣、籽粒苋等牧草粗蛋白含量较高，在20％以上；冬牧70黑麦草出苗后可在严寒的冬季生长，且产量高；特早熟二倍体和意大利四倍体黑麦草生育期长，可延长黑麦草利用期1个月左右。     

鱼腥草中产槲皮素内生真菌的分离鉴定

【目的】探索鱼腥草（Houttuynia cordata Thunb.）中是否存在产槲皮素的内生真菌。【方法】采用组织块法对鱼腥草内生真菌进行分离培养,分离纯化后收集菌丝利用薄层色谱（TLC）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测其代谢产物中的槲皮素,并分析其产量。采用形态学和内部转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列分析鉴定产槲皮素的内生真菌。【结果】从鱼腥草不同部位共分离得到9株内生真菌,其中由根中分离得到的菌株YXC-G1具有产生槲皮素的能力,为笋顶孢属（Acrostalagmus sp.）真菌,菌丝中槲皮素的含量为8.296 mg/g。【结论】从鱼腥草根部分离到1株产槲皮素的内生真菌YXC-G1,其可作为生产槲皮素的备选菌株。     

大花君子兰叶绿体基因组及其特征

采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对大花君子兰(Clivia miniata)叶片总DNA进行测序,通过组装获得了其叶绿体基因组(cpDNA)全长序列(158 114 bp)。对其cpDNA注释得到135个基因,包含87个蛋白编码基因、40个tRNA基因和8个r RNA基因。采用生物信息学方法对获得的cpDNA进行简单序列重复(SSR)分析和密码子偏好性分析。结果显示:①大花君子兰cpDNA中共有61个SSR位点,其中单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸、五核苷酸和六核苷酸重复数分别为38、9、2、8、3和1个,多数SSR分布在基因间隔区;②大花君子兰cpDNA密码子偏爱以A或U(T)结尾,亮氨酸使用频率最高,半胱氨酸使用频率最低。基于24种植物的cpDNA全长和23种植物的叶绿体ycf2基因序列进行系统发育分析,结果显示大花君子兰与石蒜科植物在同一分支,显示最近的亲缘关系,支持大花君子兰属于石蒜科。基于叶绿体ycf2的系统发育分析结果与基于cpDNA全长的系统发育分析研究结果大部分相同,支持ycf2基因可以代替cpDNA全长用于植物系统发育分析。     

鱼类组蛋白核苷酸的多态性及其在杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染中的作用

组蛋白是染色体核小体的重要组分,在调控染色质结构、基因转录、个体发育等不同生物学过程中起着重要作用。为了研究鱼类组蛋白基因是否存在核苷酸的多态性以及组蛋白核苷酸多态性是否会影响鱼类的抗病力,本实验以斑马鱼和草鱼为研究对象,通过PCR扩增克隆了组蛋白H2A的全长开放阅读框;利用过表达技术、菌落平板计数、感染存活分析以及荧光定量PCR技术,研究了斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性不同变异体在杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染中的作用。在本研究中,实验发现鱼类组蛋白H2A存在着丰富的核苷酸多态性。序列分析结果显示斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体核苷酸序列相似性为90%～100%;而两两H2A核苷酸多态性变异体氨基酸序列之间最多只有3个位点存在差异。通过体内和体外抗菌实验可知,斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸的多态性显著影响H2A的抗菌活性。此外,筛选出的抗菌组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体在斑马鱼体内的过表达,不仅具有免疫增强的作用,还能显著增强斑马鱼对杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染的抗病力。本研究为筛选具有抗病作用的组蛋白H2A免疫保护原奠定了重要基础。