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半干旱黄土丘陵区典型抗旱造林整地技术集流效果研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以宁南山区生态建设中推广应用的典型抗旱造林整地工程为研究对象,针对工程措施的集流效果进行研究,结果表明:实施"88542"集流造林整地工程,能够有效地改善土壤的水分状况,尤其在0-60 cm土层表现较为明显;工程措施的集流效果随地形的变化有所不同:随坡位自上而下改变,"88542"集流水平沟比集流坡面水分的增加率总体上呈增大趋势;随着坡长增大,工程措施对水分增加率也呈增大趋势;随坡度的增大,水平沟相对集流面的水分增加率也随之增加;随坡向不同,工程措施的集流效果则无明显差异;相对于工程措施的集流效果,坡长和坡度之间呈正相关关系,故在工程设计中,坡度越大,相应集流坡面长度就要缩短,反之坡度越缓,集流坡面长度就要增加. 相似文献
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Tang Samuel C. N. Lo Irene M. C. Mak Mark S. H. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1713-1722
Two types of hydrogels with different functional groups, trimethylamine on quaternary ammonium and dimethylethoxyamine on
quaternary ammonium, were synthesized. Type 1 and type 2 hydrogels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis. The anion selectivity of these two hydrogels was investigated. The
surface charges of the type 2 hydrogel were lower than those of type 1, probably because of the presence of the hydroxyl group
in the ethoxy group. The Cr(VI) removal capacity of type 2 hydrogel was, therefore, less than that of type 1 hydrogel, although
their adsorption rates were similar. The anion selectivity of the hydrogels was found to have a similar order: Cr(VI) > sulphate
> bromide > As(V). Under the co-presence of Cr(VI) and sulphate conditions, type 2 hydrogel shows a higher selectivity towards
Cr(VI). The higher hydrophobicity was caused by the presence of the ethoxy group on the quaternary ammonium in type 2 hydrogel
and thus increased in selectivity towards monovalent ions (i.e. HCrO4−). In addition, the hydrogels have a high reusability. Compared with type 1 hydrogel, type 2 hydrogel has an advantage for
applications in Cr(VI) removal and recovery processes. 相似文献
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A laboratory-prepared contaminated soil was partitioned into four fractions, namely carbonate, Fe/Mn oxides, organic matter and clay mineral, according to the form in which the heavy metal bound with soil constituents. Individual contaminated soil fractions and synthetic soils were prepared for the study of soil extraction using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The effect of contact time and EDTA concentration were evaluated for both individual soil fractions and synthetic soils. The extraction reached equilibrium rapidly, after about 30 min. A 0.01 M EDTA solution was less effective than a 0.05 M or a 0.10 M EDTA. EDTA was proved to be effective for metal removal from the four individual soil fractions and synthetic soils. In general, approximately 90% of metals were removed from synthetic soils by 0.10 M EDTA. EDTA extraction of Pb from a contaminated carbonate fraction was thought to be affected by the formation of lead carbonates. A simple equation based on the sum of the released heavy metal from the individual components is used to check if there are interactions among the different soil components when mixed. The estimated values agreed well with the experimentally measured results only for the 0.10 M EDTA system. 相似文献
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Shyu DJ Chou WM Yiu TJ Lin CP Tzen JT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1350-1356
A cDNA fragment encoding cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor, was obtained from maturing sesame seeds. The clone was constructed in a nonfusion or fusion vector and then overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant cystatins were found in the soluble fraction of cell extract and were demonstrated to be functionally active in a reverse zymographic assay. The corresponding endogenous 22 kDa cystatin of low abundance in mature seeds was purified to homogeneity via a papain-coupling affinity column and confirmed by western blotting with antibodies against the recombinant cystatin. Both endogenous and recombinant cystatin proteins showed effective inhibitory activities against papain with K(i) values of 7.89 x 10(-8) M and 2.77 x 10(-8) M, respectively. Immunodetection indicated that cystatin was specifically expressed in maturing seeds and rapidly degraded in germination. Accordingly, zymographic and inhibition analyses showed that sesame cystatin could not inhibit the de novo synthesized proteases in germinating seeds. It is suggested that sesame cystatin may play a role in the regulation of endogenous cysteine proteases during seed maturation and germination. 相似文献
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Yu Lu Loïc Deblais Gireesh Rajashekara Sally A. Miller Yorsa A. Helmy Haijun Zhang Ping Wu Yanhong Qiu Xiulan Xu 《Plant pathology》2020,69(5):818-826
Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide. 相似文献
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