黄淮夏大豆主要农艺性状的遗传分析

利用黄淮地区的12个高产夏大豆品种(系),通过NCⅡ交配设计,对12个主要农艺性状的遗传进行了分析。结果表明,所有性状的加性方差大于显性方差。主茎节数、株高、每簇荚数和主茎荚数的加性成分占绝对优势,遗传力较高。分枝荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重的显性成分比例大,遗传力较低,其中单株粒重趋于完全显性。主茎节数的显性成分很少,其它性状均为部分显性。建立了单株产量与产量因子之间的逐步回归方程。     

Comparative expression profile of microRNAs and piRNAs in three ruminant species testes using next‐generation sequencing

microRNA (miRNA) and piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) are two classes small non‐coding regulatory RNAs that play crucial roles in multiple biological processes such as spermatogenesis. However, there are no published studies on conjoint analysis of miRNA and piRNA profiles among cattle, yak and their interspecies (the dzo) using sequencing technology. Next‐generation sequencing technology was used to profile miRNAs and piRNAs among those three ruminants to elucidate their functions. A total of 119, 14 and six differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in cattle vs. dzo, cattle vs. yak and yak vs. dzo comparison groups, while there were 873, 1,065 and 1,158 differentially expressed piRNAs in those three comparison groups. The expression of three miRNAs was validated in the three ruminants, and the results suggested that the miRNA expression profiles data could represent actual miRNA expression levels. Moreover, the putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by their own genome, it is worth to note that both the cattle and yak genome were used for dzo, then the targets were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, revealing the likely roles for these differentially expressed miRNAs in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, this study provided a useful resource for further elucidation of the miRNAs and piRNAs regulatory roles in spermatogenesis. It may also facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for dzo reproduction research.     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacillus: A Comprehensive Review of Origins,Structures, and Bioactivities

The marine is a highly complex ecosystem including various microorganisms. Bacillus species is a predominant microbialflora widely distributed in marine ecosystems. This review aims to provide a systematic summary of the newly reported metabolites produced by marine-derived Bacillus species over recent years covering the literature from 2014 to 2021. It describes the structural diversity and biological activities of the reported compounds. Herein, a total of 87 newly reported metabolites are included in this article, among which 49 compounds originated from marine sediments, indicating that marine sediments are majority sources of productive strains of Bacillus species Therefore, marine-derived Bacillus species are a potentially promising source for the discovery of new metabolites.     

黄土高原地区南瓜优质施肥模式研究

安塞试验站2005~2006连续两年采用N、P、K三因素最优设计,田试不同施肥量对南瓜Vc和干物质两项营养品质的影响,探讨南瓜优质的N、P、K肥效反应模式。结果表明,N肥对南瓜Vc含量的影响最大,K肥对干物质含量的影响最大,N与P交互作用和N与K交互作用对南瓜Vc、干物质含量影响显著。筛选出南瓜优质的较佳施肥量为:施氮90~95 kg/hm2,施磷75~80 kg/hm2,施钾25~30 kg/hm2。N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.83∶0.28     

LcMYB1激活荔枝花色苷生物合成关键基因LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子区域分析

花色苷含量是荔枝果实呈现鲜红色的重要次生代谢产物,前人研究结果表明,LcMYB1通过调控关键基因的表达而影响荔枝果皮中花色苷的积累,其中LcDFR和LcUFGT1是荔枝果皮花色苷生物合成的关键基因,但是LcMYB1如何影响基因的表达,是否与结构基因启动子结合以及具体结合区段目前还不清楚。本研究通过克隆和分析LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子区域并对其进行分段处理,利用双荧光素酶和酵母单杂交实验,探究LcMYB1与LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子的结合区域。结果表明,LcDFR起始密码子上游1927 bp和LcUFGT1起始密码子上游1584 bp的启动子上分别有3个可能的MYB结合位点;双荧光素酶和酵母单杂交实验均显示LcMYB1可以结合LcDFR基因起始密码子上游904 bp到1425 bp包含有1个MYB-CORE元件的区域,LcMYB1与LcUFGT1基因启动子结合的区域是起始密码到上游610 bp,此区域包含有2个MYB-CORE元件。研究结果进一步证实了LcMYB1通过与基因LcDFR和LcUFGT1启动子结合发挥调控作用,并缩小了结合位点的范围。     

两株木霉共培养发酵提高对小麦苗期茎基腐病的防治效果

 通过平板对峙培养法、孢子萌发法和温室盆栽法筛选高效防治小麦苗期茎基腐病的木霉共培养菌株。从17株供试菌株中,筛选出3株平板抑制率较高的木霉菌株:深绿木霉HB20111、哈茨木霉LTR-2和TW21990,并进行两两组合共培养发酵。孢子萌发试验表明,HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵滤液对假禾谷镰孢孢子萌发抑制率最高,达71.83%,较单菌株HB20111和TW21990分别提高了6.13%和19.53%(P＜0.05)。温室条件下,HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵液500×稀释浸种效果最好,对小麦苗期茎基腐病防治效果和幼苗质量增长率分别达78.81%和130.80%,较单菌株HB20111和TW21990的分别提高了17.88%、30.46%和50.05%、61.22%(P＜0.05);荧光定量检测结果表明,与单菌株相比,HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵显著降低假禾谷镰孢在小麦幼苗根围土、根际土、根系和茎基部中的拷贝数(P＜0.05),且假禾谷镰孢拷贝数与病情指数呈正相关,与幼苗鲜质量呈负相关。本研究发现HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵具有增效作用,对小麦苗期茎基腐病的防治效果显著高于单菌株。     

基于文献计量学的苹果蠹蛾研究动态分析

利用CNKI和Web of Science数据库,采用文献计量学的方法,对苹果蠹蛾研究的年度、国家、作者、机构、来源期刊进行了发文量和被引分析,客观地呈现苹果蠹蛾的研究现状。检索结果表明,在WOS核心合集中共检索到来自49个国家的1 084作者参与发表相关研究文献636篇;CNKI期刊中检索到429名作者参与发表相关研究文献242篇。美国参与发文量最多,且美国农业部是发文最多的机构,为173篇;在我国,西北农林科技大学的发文量最多。文中总结了国际上9位核心作者和我国国内4位核心作者。我国与国际上研究内容差异较大,我国国内40.50%文章是苹果蠹蛾的发生与防治技术,其次是检疫、信息素、田间生态研究,我国对苹果蠹蛾的颗粒体病毒及不育技术仅有少量报道。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌JDF-6液态发酵条件优化及抑菌蛋白的分析

为探讨解淀粉芽胞杆菌JDF-6液体发酵条件及抑菌蛋白性质,以菌量和抑菌蛋白粗提液活性为指标,采用单因素和正交试验对菌株的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化,同时通过硫酸铵沉淀法提取抑菌蛋白粗提液,并进行稳定性试验。结果表明,菌株JDF-6最适培养基配比为3.0%蔗糖,1%酵母粉,2%茶渣饼,0.3%硫酸锰;最适发酵条件为发酵时间120 h,发酵温度30℃,初始p H 6.5~7.0,接种量5%,250 m L装液量为100 m L。优化后菌株JDF-6抑菌活性提高51.6%,经50%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀获得的抑菌蛋白的粗提液对蛋白酶、高温(100℃以上)、紫外光(光照8 h以上)敏感,抑菌活性均下降。     

间作模式下小麦联合收获机清选装置CFD-DEM气固耦合仿真与试验验证

为了提高间作模式下小麦联合收获机清选性能,研究旋风分离筒内流场和颗粒的运动状态,探索分离筒的最佳工作参数组合,运用离散元法和计算流体力学耦合的方法分析了气流与颗粒的相互作用,以喂入速度、吸杂压强、筒体高度、下椎体角度为试验因素对清选过程进行了仿真正交试验,对最佳清选参数组合完成了田间试验验证。结果表明:气流在分离筒内形成内、外旋涡,内漩涡的运动使短茎秆进入吸杂管道,籽粒在外旋涡的作用下滑落到集粮盘;仿真试验的最佳参数组合为喂入速度12 m·s^-1吸杂压强-1 800 Pa、筒体高度350 mm、下椎体的角度65°,得到的清洁率和损失率分别为92.18%和1.99%,与田间试验的误差分别为2.947%和7.428%。     

黄曲霉毒素M1检测ELISA条件的优化及应用研究

采用黄曲霉毒素M1与牛血清白蛋白偶联物抗原免疫Balb/C小鼠获得特异性抗体。利用此抗体,进行间接竞争ELISA法试验,确定了最佳抗原包被反应浓度为1.0μg·mL^-1,最佳抗原包被条件为4℃过夜,一抗和酶标二抗IgG-HRP最佳工作浓度为1∶8000和1∶5000。建立间接竞争定量ELISA方法,该方法的最低检出限是0.08ng·mL^-1,间接竞争ELISA50%抑制率浓度为0.62ng·mL^-1,校正曲线的线性范围为0.04～5ng·mL^-1。在此优化条件下制备的抗体检测黄曲霉毒素M1具有很高的特异性和灵敏性,具有实际应用价值。