Efficacy of a recombinant equine influenza vaccine against challenge with an American lineage H3N8 influenza virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak in the United Kingdom

Fifteen influenza-naive Welsh mountain ponies were randomly assigned to three groups of five. A single dose of a recombinant ALVAC vaccine was administered intramuscularly to five of the ponies, two doses, administered five weeks apart, were administered to five, and the other five served as unvaccinated, challenge controls. Two weeks after the completion of the vaccination programme, the ponies were all challenged by exposure to an aerosol of influenza virus A/eq/Newmarket/5/03. Their clinical signs were scored daily for 14 days according to a standardised scoring protocol, and nasal swabs were taken daily for 10 days to monitor the excretion of virus. The challenge produced severe clinical signs of influenza (fever, coughing, nasal discharge and dyspnoea) in all five control ponies, but the vaccinated ponies developed only mild disease, consisting of a serous nasal discharge lasting for only one day. The excretion of virus was almost completely suppressed in the vaccinated ponies, but the control ponies shed the virus for up to seven days after the challenge.     

Use of DNA and recombinant canarypox viral (ALVAC) vectors for equine herpes virus vaccination

In this study, experimental canarypox virus (ALVAC) and plasmid DNA recombinant vaccines expressing the gB, gC and gD glycoproteins of EHV-1 were assessed for their ability to protect conventional ponies against a respiratory challenge with EHV-1. In addition, potential means of enhancing serological responses in horses to ALVAC and DNA vaccination were explored. These included co-administration of the antigen with conventional adjuvants, complexation with DMRIE-DOPE and co-expression of the antigen along with equine GM-CSF. Groups of EHV primed ponies were vaccinated twice intra-muscularly with one dose of the appropriate test vaccine at an interval of 5 weeks. Two to 3 weeks after the second vaccination, ponies were infected intra-nasally with the virulent Ab4 strain of EHV-1 after which they were observed clinically and sampled for virological investigations. The results demonstrated that DNA and ALVAC vaccination markedly reduced virus excretion after challenge in terms of duration and magnitude, but failed to protect against cell-associated viremia. Noteworthy was the almost complete absence of virus excretion in the group of ponies vaccinated with ALVAC-EHV in the presence of Carbopol adjuvant or DNA plasmid formulated with aluminium phosphate. The administration of the DNA vaccine in the presence of GM-CSF and formulated in DMRIE-DOPE and of the ALVAC vaccine in the presence of Carbopol adjuvant significantly improved virus neutralising antibody responses to EHV-1. These findings indicate that DNA and ALVAC vaccination is a promising approach for the immunological control of EHV-1 infection, but that more research is needed to identify the immunodominant protective antigens of EHV-1 and their interaction with the equine immune system.     

Evaluation of the response to an accelerated immunisation schedule using a canarypox-vectored equine influenza vaccine, shortened interdose intervals and vaccination of young foals

The results of an accelerated immunisation schedule for horses used as part of the emergency response plan to contain and eradicate equine influenza in Australia in 2007 is described. The horses studied were vaccinated with a recombinant canarypox-vectored vaccine (ProteqFlu?, Merial) with a shorter interdose interval. Vaccinated horses included foals aged less than 4 months.     

导入抗逆基因的转双抗虫基因741杨的获得

为培育更多抗非生物胁迫的转基因杨树,以转双抗虫基因741杨(P.alba×(P.davidaiana×P.sirnonii)×P.tomentosa)为材料,建立了叶片诱导的转双抗虫基因741杨的高频再生体系,并采用根癌农杆菌介导法,探索了影响其遗传转化效率的主要因子。结果表明:最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA;继代培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IBA,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.05 mg/L IBA。对影响转化因子的研究结果表明,共培养时间为3 d时,不定芽诱导率最高;共培养培养基加入乙酰丁香酮、pH值调到5.2时,诱导潮霉素抗性芽效果最显著;最佳潮霉素筛选质量浓度为3 mg/L;将抗逆基因AtNDPK2通过农杆菌导入到转基因741杨中,经PCR检测,在抗性植株DNA中扩增出与目的基因大小相同的片断,初步确认目的基因已经整合到转基因741毛白杨基因组中。     

Comparison of antibody responses after vaccination with two inactivated rabies vaccines

Thirty laboratory dogs were randomly assigned to two groups (A and B) of 15 dogs and subcutaneously vaccinated with a single dose of one of two commercially available monovalent inactivated rabies vaccines: RABISIN (Merial, France) (group A) and NOBIVAC Rabies (Intervet International) (group B). Rabies antibodies were measured over a period of 4 months using the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test. The two vaccines performed differently in terms of magnitude and persistence of rabies antibodies titers in dogs. Two weeks after vaccination, average rabies antibody titers peaked at 2.53 IU/mL (range, 0.17-13.77 IU/mL) and 1.26 IU/mL (range, 0.50-4.56 IU/mL) in groups A and B dogs, respectively. The average FAVN antibody titres against rabies on D28, D56, D84, D112 and D120 were significantly higher in group A than in group B. Although all dogs from group B serologically responded to vaccination, the proportion of dogs with antibody titres >or=0.5 IU/mL dropped significantly after D28 and was statistically significantly lower on D56, D84 and D112 compared to group A dogs. In conclusion, in the context of international trade, the choice of the vaccine and the timing of blood tests are critical factors in achieving successful serological test results after rabies vaccination. RABISIN induces high and sustained antibody titres against rabies, increasing the flexibility for the time of blood sampling after primo-vaccination.     

刻芽对苹果枝条内源激素及萌芽成枝的影响

用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了苹果幼树枝条在春季、夏季刻芽后内源激素的含量变化,调查了不同处理的萌芽成枝率。结果表明：（1）春季刻芽后长富2号芽体中的GA3含量显著增加,ABA含量显著降低,GA3／ABA比值由0．21提高到2．56,枝条的萌芽成枝率也显著提高（P＜0．05）;（2）夏季刻芽后,长富2号和首红枝条芽体中GA3、IAA及ZT含量均显著提高,ABA含量显著降低,GA3／ABA比值由对照的2．21提高到10．73,萌芽率增高到83．65％,3年生树的全园枝量接近于盛果期的枝量指标。     

基于云计算的农业信息资源共享系统建设研究

云计算具有超强的计算能力和经济性、灵活性等特点,将其应用于农业信息资源共享领域具有十分重要的价值和意义。从理论、技术、实践和成本的角度,云计算应用于农业信息资源共享领域是科学可行的,但在现阶段构建基于云计算的农业信息资源共享系统需要采取科学的思路和措施。     

基于云计算的农业信息资源共享系统建设研究

云计算具有超强的计算能力和经济性、灵活性等特点,将其应用于农业信息资源共享领域具有十分重要的价值和意义。从理论、技术、实践和成本的角度,云计算应用于农业信息资源共享领域是科学可行的,但在现阶段构建基于云计算的农业信息资源共享系统需要采取科学的思路和措施。