5龄蚕立体条桑育研究

研究了5龄立体饲育架制作，条桑收获及饲养技术，明确了全年采用立体条桑育对蚕茧产质量及桑树秋末生长的关系，条桑收获及饲育是一项省工高效的养蚕技术。     

特优175高产结构分析和配套栽培技术探讨

特优175分蘖力中强、穗大粒重、株型理想、高产稳产.经调查分析,其高产结构中,以每穗结实粒数的变异(cv=17.20%)最大,与产量相关最密切(r=0.591 1**,对产量的通径(p=1.035 6)和净贡献率(pr=0.612 1)最大;其次为有效穗(cv=10.40%,p=0.709 5,r=0.184 4,pr=0.130 8);千粒重是品种的稳定性状,对产量的贡献有限.每公顷产量7 500 kg左右的适宜产量结构为:每公顷250万穗,每穗结实120粒、千粒重28 g左右.在保持一定的穗数下,较高的每穗结实粒数是高产栽培的主攻重点.配套栽培技术是:(1)适时播种,培育壮秧;(2)适时移栽,合理密植(每公顷基本苗150～180万);(3)合理调控水肥,每公顷施纯氮150～180 kg,氧化钾120～160 kg,五氧化二磷60～80 kg;(4)综合防治病虫害.     

椰糠对黄瓜穴盘苗生长发育的影响

将草炭、椰糠、蛭石按不同比例配制育苗基质,探讨椰糠对黄瓜秧苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,椰糠具有较好的保水性,酸碱度适合于作为穴盘育苗基质,出苗情况较好,秧苗质量高,证明椰糠是一种良好的园艺栽培基质。     

2015―2020年国家西北内陆棉区棉花品种区域试验参试品种(系)枯黄萎病抗性评述

对2015-2020年参加西北内陆棉区区域试验的192个棉花品种(系)枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性分析,为棉花抗病育种及品种推广提供依据.结果表明,参试棉花品种(系)未出现对枯萎病和黄萎病免疫的品种;参试棉花品种(系)对枯萎病的抗性水平较高,除2018年高抗和抗病品种(系)占比为88.2％外,其他年份均在92％以上;参试的品种...     

日粮中添加植物多酚调控肉色稳定性的作用机制

肉色是衡量肉品质的重要感官指标,直接影响消费者的购买意愿。植物多酚是天然的抗氧化剂,日粮添加植物多酚可通过影响肌红蛋白氧化还原状态、脂质氧化程度及肌纤维类型来改善肉色及其稳定性。为进一步明确日粮中添加植物多酚调控肉色的作用机制,本文对植物多酚介导肉色稳定性的信号途径进行了综述,以期为今后通过在日粮中补充植物多酚调控机体抗氧化能力、促进肌纤维类型转化进而改善肉色提供理论依据。     

改进Tricine-SDS-PAGE法分析重组牛乳铁蛋白肽

为了有效分离3.1kDa乳铁蛋白肽,试验调整分离胶中聚丙烯酰胺浓度及凝胶的交联度,并加入适量甘油,改进了传统的Tricine-SDS-PAGE方法。结果表明,该方法与常规的SDS-PAGE和Tricine-SDS-PAGE相比较,改进的凝胶不仅可以有效分离3.1kDa的肽,而且对分子量为212kDa的大分子量蛋白也有很好的分离效果,明显优于常规的SDS-PAGE和现有的Tricine-SDS-PAGE方法。     

Comparison of Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Acid-Soluble and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Blacktip Reef Shark Skin

Fish collagen has been widely used in tissue engineering (TE) applications as an implant, which is generally transplanted into target tissue with stem cells for better regeneration ability. In this case, the success rate of this research depends on the fundamental components of fish collagen such as amino acid composition, structural and rheological properties. Therefore, researchers have been trying to find an innovative raw material from marine origins for tissue engineering applications. Based on this concept, collagens such as acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) were extracted from a new type of cartilaginous fish, the blacktip reef shark, for the first time, and were further investigated for physicochemical, protein pattern, microstructural and peptide mapping. The study results confirmed that the extracted collagens resemble the protein pattern of type-I collagen comprising the α₁, α₂, β and γ chains. The hydrophobic amino acids were dominant in both collagens with glycine and hydroxyproline as major amino acids. From the FTIR spectra, α helix (27.72 and 26.32%), β-sheet (22.24 and 23.35%), β-turn (21.34 and 22.08%), triple helix (14.11 and 14.13%) and random coil (14.59 and 14.12%) structures of ASC and PSC were confirmed, respectively. Collagens retained their triple helical and secondary structure well. Both collagens had maximum solubility at 3% NaCl and pH 4, and had absorbance maxima at 234 nm, respectively. The peptide mapping was almost similar for ASC and PSC at pH 2, generating peptides ranging from 15 to 200 kDa, with 23 kDa as a major peptide fragment. The microstructural analysis confirmed the homogenous fibrillar nature of collagens with more interconnected networks. Overall, the preset study concluded that collagen can be extracted more efficiently without disturbing the secondary structure by pepsin treatment. Therefore, the blacktip reef shark skin could serve as a potential source for collagen extraction for the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.     

草地螟迁飞活动的雷达观测

80年代初期,我国草地螟猖獗为害,其虫源和迁飞问题不清。1984年6月在山西省雁北地区应县应用雷达观测了草地螟蛾的迁飞活动,并辅以地面发生动态调查,查明当地越冬茧密度约达每平方公里2000万头,6月2日羽化率为2.7%,6月10日达66%。成虫在15℃以下不飞行,15—17℃受震动后,在近地面几十厘米高处做数米距离的飞行;18℃以上则能主动飞行;20℃以上大量主动飞行。迁飞的高度在400m 以下,多在80—240m之间。成虫一般白天不起飞,多数在日落前后起飞。飞行方向与气流方向一致,多数向东北方向迁飞。在当地羽化盛期,当出现西南气流、气温上升达20℃以上时成虫大量迁飞。     

向日葵品种叶片组织结构与抗锈病的关系

向日葵锈病是向日葵的重要病害之一,在世界向日葵生产地区普遍发生,给向日葵产业带来巨大的经济损失。本研究通过比较向日葵抗、感锈病品种叶片组织结构的差异,以揭示此类病菌与寄主间的相互作用及其寄主抗病机理,研究结果表明：抗病品种叶片蜡质含量高于感病品种,且栅栏组织双层,排列整齐、紧密,可以抵抗病菌的侵入和扩展,而气孔密度与抗病性没有相关性。     

菜豆锈菌侵染过程的显微和超微观察

 本文报道了通过微分干涉衬显微镜、荧光显微镜及扫描电镜和透射电镜所观察到的菜豆锈菌的侵入和扩展过程。菜豆锈菌夏孢子萌发多产生1个芽管,偶尔也产生双芽管。芽管以气孔侵入为主,也可从表皮直接侵入。侵入前形成或不形成明显的附着胞。气孔侵入的芽管首先在气孔腔内形成气孔下囊,再进一步分化出圆形的膨大体,由膨大体产生1~2支初生菌丝。初生菌丝与叶肉细胞壁接触后分化出吸器母细胞,吸器母细胞进入叶肉细胞内部形成吸器。初生侵染菌丝在产生吸器母细胞的部位的后部产生分枝,形成次生侵染菌丝在叶肉细胞间蔓延。