The fate of fluroxypyr in the soil in an oil palm agroecosystem

A study on the fate of fluroxypyr in Malaysian agricultural soils was carried out under natural conditions in an oil palm plantation. Three experimental plots in the oil palm estate were selected and three types of treatments were administered, namely fluroxypyr at the recommended dosage, double the recommended rate, and the untreated control. Residues of fluroxypyr in the soil, water, and oil palm leaf were monitored at regular intervals up to 90 days after treatment (DAT). The recovery of fluroxypyr in the water and soil samples ranged from 91–102% when fortified at 1–25 p.p.b. and 91–98% when fortified at 4–50 p.p.b. The recovery from the oil palm leaf ranged from 76–114% when the oil palm leaf sample was fortified at 0.05–1.0 p.p.m. The results showed that fluroxypyr leached down to 50 cm depth at 1 DAT when the plots were treated with either dosage. However, fluroxypyr was not detected in the soil residue at 14 and 21 DAT. Fluroxypyr was not detected in the oil palm leaf samples irrespective of the rates of herbicide application or sampling intervals. The residue of fluroxypyr was detected in water from a nearby stream up to 5 DAT at levels ranging from 0.06–0.21 µg L⁻¹. This result suggests that fluroxypyr persists for a short period in the soil and water ecosystems, but not in the oil palm leaf.     

Expression of DNA repair gene ERCC1 and its relationship with PAH-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues

AIM: To investigate the expression of nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 and its relationship with PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues. METHODS: ERCC1 mRNA expression and the PAH-induced DNA adducts were detected in 150 lung cancer tissues, 120 adjacent lung tissues without cancer cells, 40 benign lung lesions and 40 normal lung tissues. The effects of some exposure factors on the expression of ERCC1 gene and the connection between ERCC1 and PAH-DNA adduct was analyzed. RESULTS: Reduced expression levels of ERCC1 were observed in 46 of 150 (30.7%) lung cancer specimens and 1 of 40 (2.5%) normal lung tissues. Smoking may suppress the expression of ERCC1 gene. The level of PAH-DNA adduct was negatively correlated with the expression of ERCC1 gene, the Spearman coefficient was -0.648, P<0.01. CONCLUSION: ERCC1 is an important nucleotide excision repair gene and may participate in the repair of DNA damage, such as PAH-DNA adduct. Low expression of ERCC1 may play an important role in the development of human lung cancer.     

新疆乌昌地区热量资源精细化时空变化分析

利用新疆乌鲁木齐市和昌吉回族自治州16个气象站1961-2009年的逐日平均气温和最低气温资料,使用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检测以及基于ArcGIS的三维二次趋势面宏观地理因子模拟与反距离加权残差订正相结合的方法对农业气候热量要素的变化趋势、突变特性、各热量要素多年平均值及其突变前后变化量的精细化空间分布进行研究。结果表明：乌昌地区热量资源具有显著的区域性差异,年平均气温、7月平均气温、无霜冻期、≥0℃和≥10℃活动积温在空间分布上均表现为＂平原高于山区、北部高于南部＂的格局。受冬季逆温的影响,在山前倾斜平原至中山带,1月平均气温较北部平原和高山带高,而冬季负积温较北部平原和高山带少。在全球变暖背景下,近49a,乌昌地区年平均气温、1月和7月平均气温、≥0℃和≥10℃活动积温以及无霜冻期均有不同程度的升高或增多趋势,并于1973-2004年间先后发生了突变性的升高或增多,冬季负积温呈显著的减少趋势,并于1988年发生了突变性的减少,热量资源总体呈较明显的增多趋势。但各地热量资源的变化具有显著的区域性差异,突变后较突变前各热量要素增加量的空间分布总体表现为＂平原多于山区,城市密集区多于周边地区＂的分布格局。     

柴油机无载测功法的试验研究

以4125A4柴油机为试验对象，运用多项式回归的方法，寻求柴油机功率与耗油量（最高空转速及额客转速）之间的内在定量关系。所建立的模型具有较高的准确性，相对误差可以控制在3%以内。无载测功方法简便、有效，对柴油机的田间测试具有较强的实用性。     

测土配方施肥方法研究

通过田间试验与土壤测试得出:玉米施用钾肥的效应函数及其最佳用量;玉米施用钾肥最大效益与最高产量用量同钾肥增产绝对值、相对值与效益值均存在直线正相关;玉米钾肥最佳用量同土壤有效钾测定值存在着密切的直线负相关。在明确上述问题的基础上,提出应用土壤有效钾测定值直接推荐玉米施用钾肥的最佳用量方法。同时,依据土壤有效钾测得值与玉米钾肥最佳用量的相关模式,提出了土壤有效钾在不同含量水平条件下,玉米施用钾肥最大效益与最高产量的推荐量。     

生物有机肥在农业生产中的作用及发展趋势

本文叙述了生物有机肥在提高作物产量和改善农产品品质,改良土壤和提高土壤肥力以及减少植物病虫害的发生,降低环境污染等方面的作用,阐明了生物有机肥研究中存在的问题,并且简单探讨了生物有机肥的发展方向。     

广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略

为了解铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属分布特征及探究污染农田的修复措施,以广西某铅锌矿影响区为研究对象,分别采集影响区自然土壤和农田耕作层土壤样品41个和277个,同时分别采集62个蔬菜和35个粮食样品,分析重金属含量。结果表明,铅锌矿影响区耕作层土壤As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr含量范围分别为4.50~104.8、0.031~36.26、24.80~2989、16.90~251.6、79.90~11 500和24.0~222.0 mg·kg~(-1);与土壤基线值相比,6种重金属的超标率分别为1.4%、91.7%、60%、60%、60%和0。与《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)中限值相比,大米样本As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为93%、86%、64%,玉米样本Pb、Cd含量超标率为100%、100%,叶菜类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率分别为50%、100%、60%,根茎类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为23%、100%和100%,瓜果类蔬菜As、Pb、Cd含量超标率为14%、96%和100%。通过分析土壤和农产品重金属超标情况,确定As、Pb、Cd为优先控制的重金属,依据研究区土壤重金属污染空间分布特性,划为3个分区:轻度污染区(Cd污染区),建议采取活化剂+植物萃取去除污染物;中度污染区则采用钝化剂与低积累农作物结合的方式;重度污染区则不宜种植进入食物链的农作物,建议采取施加活化剂与种植超富集植物结合的方式降低土壤重金属含量。     

王爱华教授辨治溃疡性结肠炎经验

湖南省名中医王爱华教授认为脾胃气虚为溃疡性结肠炎的发病之本,湿热为致病之标,热毒为下血之因,血瘀为局部病理变化,肠疡为局部病理表现,日久则病及于肾,脾肾双亏,提出健脾助运是根本、调气和血辅其治、清热化湿贯其中的治疗方法。     

污泥生态稳定化过程中渗滤液处理效能研究

利用中试规模的人工湿地对污泥进行生态稳定化处理.第一年污泥生态稳定化系统表面形成了稳定的污泥层,第二年运行中期考察由污泥层和填料层构成的"二元结构"对污泥渗滤液的处理性能.对进泥(0 cm)、泥沙界面(50 cm)、植物根系层(70 cm)、填料中间层(90cm)和出水层(110 cm)进行取样,试验结果表明渗滤液经过...     

丽蚜小蜂与黄板联合使用对设施番茄烟粉虱的控制作用研究

[目的]通过研究设施条件下人工释放丽蚜小蜂与黄板联合使用对番茄上烟粉虱的控制作用,探讨设施农业烟粉虱的生物防治技术.[方法]每株烟粉虱成虫不超过3头,若虫不超过2头左右释放,每5-7 d释放一次,连续释放5次,每次5 000头/667 m2.[结果]丽蚜小蜂平均出蜂率均在84.5;以上,最高寄生率达73;.从起始释放到其建立种群历时约35 d,约两个月后控制烟粉虱种群.丽蚜小蜂在番茄上的分布调查表明:垂直方向上,在番茄生长旺盛期,丽蚜小蜂主要分布于植株的中下部;而当番茄生长中后期,丽蚜小蜂随着烟粉虱分布的上移逐渐分布于植株中上部;水平分布由东向西(棚室进门向内)依次表现为高→低→高→低→高的规律性.[结论]人工释放丽蚜小蜂为主结合黄板诱杀对番茄上烟粉虱防治效果显著.黄板可有效地降低烟粉虱成虫数量而对丽蚜小蜂的诱杀作用很小.