广东郁南51年生灰木莲生长研究

研究以广东省郁南林场大东坑工区内 51 年生灰木莲 Manglietia conifera 为研究对象，对灰木莲树高、胸径、材积、树干通直度、侧枝生长习性等指标进行调查和分析。结果表明：51 年生灰木莲生长良好，胸径平均为 44.28 cm，最大为 79.60 cm，树高平均为 20.79 m，最高为 27.00 m，单株材积平均为 1.48 m3，最高为 3.65 m3。可见，灰木莲引种在广东郁南适应性强，能够生长良好，具有生长速度快，树干通直，自然整枝好等特点，是该地区可以推广种植和培育大径材的优良树种。     

China's alfalfa market and imports: Development,trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China's alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China's alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China's rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons (mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China's alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.     

摇蚊基因组DNA提取及CO Ⅰ基因克隆与序列分析

以羽摇蚊和溪流摇蚊4龄幼虫为材料,分别采用CTAB法、KAc法和SDS-蛋白酶K法提取基因组DNA。通过电泳、紫外光谱分析和COⅠ-PCR扩增等检测手段比较分析DNA质量。结果表明,SDS-蛋白酶K法提取的DNA质量优于CTAB法和KAc法,适用于PCR扩增。对2种摇蚊细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基基因(COⅠ基因)进行克隆、测序(GenBank登录号为KF833366,KF833367和KF833368)和分析。结果显示,凭证标本号为xjq1和xjq2的羽摇蚊和凭证标本号为mnh1的溪流摇蚊的COⅠ基因序列长度分别为654bp、669bp和528bp,GC含量分别为37.3%,37.1%和34.5%。与已报道的摇蚊COⅠ基因序列在片段长度,组成和GC含量上具有一致性。采用NJ法构建的系统发育树清晰地将双翅目长角亚目下摇蚊科、蚊科和瘿蚊科各科昆虫有效分开,这与传统的分类结果高度一致,显示线粒体DNACOⅠ基因可以用于摇蚊昆虫种类的分子鉴定。     

2022 年 2 期目录

  目的  SPL（SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like）是植物特有的转录因子,参与植物幼年期向成年期的转变、营养生长向生殖生长的转变、花发育、孢子发生、叶片和根发育、逆境响应等多个过程,在植物的生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用。探究白桦中BpSPL6基因启动子区的顺式作用元件,以及该启动子在正常和胁迫条件下的表达模式,可为进一步研究BpSPL6基因的功能提供参考,也可为了解白桦的抗逆机制提供依据。  方法  以本实验室组培白桦的总DNA为模板,经PCR克隆了BpSPL6基因上游1 703 bp的启动子序列,用PLACE和Plant CARE在线软件分析启动子区的顺式作用元件。构建BpSPL6基因启动子驱动GUS报告基因的植物表达载体并转化拟南芥,探究其组织表达特性和胁迫条件下的表达模式。  结果  PCR成功克隆了BpSPL6基因上游1 703 bp的启动子序列,对启动子区的顺式作用元件预测发现除了含有核心启动元件TATA-box、CAAT-box外,还包括2种特异组织表达元件（根、花粉）,10种激素响应元件（生长素、赤霉素、水杨酸、脱落酸）,4种脱水响应元件等。对转基因拟南芥进行GUS染色结果表明,BpSPL6基因启动子驱动的GUS基因在转基因拟南芥中的表达具有时空特异性。在拟南芥的整个发育过程中,BpSPL6基因启动子驱动GUS基因在真叶叶片中表达,但是表达部位不同。随着叶片的生长,首先在叶片的顶端表达,随后扩展到叶片的叶脉并直至整个叶片,并且表达量逐渐升高。同时BpSPL6基因启动子驱动的 GUS 基因在拟南芥营养生长时期的根部都有表达。并且经氯化钠和甘露醇胁迫后其表达量降低。对比两种胁迫,受到氯化钠胁迫后GUS基因的表达量变化更大,说明对氯化钠胁迫的响应更加强烈。  结论  BpSPL6基因可能参与了植物的叶片、根发育以及对盐和干旱胁迫的响应。      

中国苜蓿属植物与新疆苜蓿种质资源的优势

作者调查了中国苜蓿属植物的种类与地理分布情况，查阅和收集大量的植物标本，并进行野外实地考察，对每个种的地理分布进行描述，并着重探讨新疆苜蓿属植物的资源优势，以期为今后苜蓿新品种培育提供种质资源方面的科学依据。     

中草药添加剂强力速补的抗应激试验研究

以中草药为主体的饲料添加剂强力速补,具有提高蛋鸡产蛋率的作用。以250%的强力速补药液0.2ml/10g给小白鼠灌胃,观察在寒冷、高温、缺氧条件和水浴中小白鼠的存活时间。结果显示试验组小白鼠存活时间明显长于对照组P<0.01或P<0.05,说明强力速补对机体具有良好的抗应激效应。     

中牡1号杨引种选育

中牡 1# 杨是牡丹江林业科学研究所 1983年从中国林科院引进的美黑×青杨杂种无性系中选育出的优良无性系。经过 2 0a试验研究证明 ,该品种具有生长速度快、材质好、干形优良、扦插育苗及造林成活率高、抗逆性强等优良特性 ;材积生长量较迎春 5 # 杨提高 2 8.6 %～ 4 4 .5 % ,气干密度为 0 .387g/cm3 ,纤维长度为 1.0 94mm ,均高于迎春 5 # 杨 ;适合于黑龙江省东南部和吉林省东部平原地区及浅山区推广应用。     

接种AM菌对麻楝不同种源苗期的生长效应

研究接种3个AM菌株对5个种源麻楝幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:菌株90068×种源CH01菌根感染率为96.3%,感染率分级为5,菌根依赖性中等;菌株90068×种源CH27在生长生物量方面作用显著;麻楝幼苗接种5至6个月后,菌株90068×种源CH01生长促进作用显著增强;矿质元素吸收方面,菌株90068×种源CH13对磷元素的吸收显著高于其他接种处理.此外,菌株90036与菌株9004在接种后幼苗测定的各项指标中表现各有优劣.其中菌根合成、生物量和苗高增长方面,菌株9004优于菌株90036;而对于矿质元素的吸收,菌株90036要优于菌株9004.综合比较而言,供试菌株90068表现较优,为对5个种源麻楝幼苗生长效应最佳的菌株.     

杨树新无性系苗期叶面形态指标测试

通过在黑龙江省牡丹江市4个地点,对杨树14个品种的苗期叶面8项性状指标进行测试,综合评价试验结果[1]表明:单株叶面积以中M为最大,中H、LC、LB、01号杨次之;单株叶重以中M为最重,LC、中H、01、LB号杨次之;不同品种间单株叶面积、单株叶重、单叶面积等8项指标均存在显著差异,而且地点×品种交互作用差异也极显著。     

Establishment of an in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. via indirect organogenesis

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol via indirect organogenesis from morphogenetic callus was established for Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Effects of plant growth regulator NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), sucrose and AgNO₃ on callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation and shoot development were examined. Explants used were epicotyl fragments from 45-day-old seedlings. The largest callus (4.29 mm in diameter) was obtained after 1 month on a basic culture medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog ? macro- and full strength micro- elements, Nitsch and Nitsch vitamins, supplemented with 0.54 μM NAA, 3.30 μM BAP, and 30 g L⁻¹ sucrose. The calli were subcultured in the same medium above for 2 months. They were then cultured for another 2 months for adventitious bud differentiation and shoot development. The highest mean adventitious bud differentiation, number of shoots formed per callus and number of shoots ≥2 cm long per callus (47.50%, 27.38 and 4.75, respectively) were achieved on the above medium modified with NAA at 0.27 μM and supplemented with AgNO₃ 1 mg L⁻¹. Shoots were successfully rooted without plant growth regulator and the rooted plantlets survived and grew normally. This protocol for in vitro plant regeneration provides a tool not only for vegetative propagation but also for plant genetic transformation and gene function studies of C. cunninghamiana.