不同品系小麦和小黑麦种子中金属元素含量的比较研究

应用中子活化分析技术，分析了２５个品系小麦和小黑麦种子中的金属元素的含量。检测出１９种元素，其中必需的营养元素９种，重点比较了微量营养元素的含量。结果表明，不同品种上种子中元素一有较大的差异，表明在营养元素的吸收利用上存在着不同的基因型，本实验为有效利用土壤营养元素物小麦育种提供了选择基因型和进行筛选的依据。     

0.2%苦皮藤素乳油防治茶尺蠖等害虫药效试验研究

【研究目的】研究植物源类杀虫剂苦皮藤素乳油对茶尺蠖等害虫防治效果。【方法】应用0.2%苦皮藤素乳油,500倍、1000倍和1500倍3个浓度,分别处理茶鲜叶放入果酱瓶中,接上茶尺蠖二龄幼虫,进行室内防效评价实验;应用1500倍进行大田防效试验;应用500倍、1000倍和1500倍3个浓度进行防治茶小绿叶蝉的田间防效小区对比试验。【结果】应用500倍、1000倍和1500倍3个浓度的0.2%苦皮藤素其结果表明;室内：0.2%苦皮藤素500倍,药后3天死亡率98.67%,1000倍的死亡率85.33%,1500倍的死亡率73.33%;大田防效：0.2%苦皮藤素1500倍药后10天防治茶尺蠖,防效为88.13%~90.69%;0.2%苦皮藤素500倍药后8天防治小绿叶蝉,防效为63.66%~80.11%。【结论】试验显示了该药剂对茶尺蠖有较好的防效和持效期,可作为植物源类杀虫剂在无公害茶叶生产基地上推广应用。     

佳多频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园害虫防治中的应用效果

【研究目的】试验研究频振式杀虫灯在有机茶园中的应用效果,为有机茶园防治害虫提供方法和指导;【方法】本试验共两个处理：有灯区和无灯区。在每年的6、7、8、9、10月份对杀虫灯诱杀的成虫的种类和数量进行统计,以及田间虫口密度为害情况调查。【结果】有灯区和无灯区中毒蛾、尺蠖、叶甲的数量差异达到了极显著水平;【结论】频振式杀虫灯对茶园害虫的防治效果明显,特别是对毒蛾、尺蠖和叶甲类的诱杀作用较突出,对它们的防效有灯区与无灯区间差异达到了极显著水平,但是对叶蝉的防治还是有一定的局限。频振式杀虫灯可以作为有机茶园防治虫害的一种手段,与其它防治方法协调使用,综合防治茶园害虫。     

Effect of nitrogen root zone fertilization on rice yield,uptake and utilization of macronutrient in lower reaches of Yangtze River,China

Improper application of nitrogen (N) has led to high N losses and low N use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in China. An effective method to solve such problems is the deep fertilized N in root zone (RZF). Limited information is available on the effect of RZF on the uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and rice yield. Field experiments, conducted from 2014 to 2015, compared the farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, with 225 kg ha^?1 of N, split into three doses) and RZF using the same rate but placing N 5 cm away from rice roots in holes 10 cm deep (RZF10) or 5 cm deep (RZF5) as a single application. The highest mean yield (10.0 t ha^?1) was obtained in RZF10, which was 19.5% more than that in FFP. Root zone fertilization of urea (whether 10 cm deep or 5 cm deep) resulted in greater accumulation of N, P and K in stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and grains compared to that in FFP in sandy and in loam soils. The uptake of N, P and K was the highest in RZF10 (average at 176.7, 66.2 and 179.1 kg ha^?1, respectively), higher than that in FFP by 45.0, 17.0 and 22.6%, respectively. N apparent recovery efficiency was markedly higher in RZF10 (53.1%) than in FFP (27.5%). RZF10 significantly increased the N, P, K uptake compared with FFP under different N rates in both sandy and loam soils. These results suggest that the N, P and K input amount should be re-determined under RZF.     

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.     

北京市郊农业生态环境的工程对策研究

农业生态环境的保护是农业生产获得持续发展的重要基础条件之一。在调查研究北京市郊农业生产和农业废弃物基本情况基础上,针对主要农业废弃物给生态环境造成的影响与危害,分析研究了将其进行处理、利用的各种可操作性工程对策,以期不断改善京郊的农业生态环境,推动农业持续发展。     

心尖锚的力学分析

设计了一种六齿镍钛合金锚钩用于封堵器等二尖瓣、三尖瓣返流修复系统的心尖固定,并对其力学特性进行研究.通过分析心脏结构及解剖数据,确定锚钩形状和可控尺寸设计变量,利用Solidworks建立锚钩3D模型,运用Abaqus软件对23个不同尺寸锚钩模型的入鞘过程进行有限元计算,分析锚钩入鞘过程中的最大入鞘力、最大冯米塞斯应变和入鞘轨迹的影响因素.制作了一种规格锚钩实物,与计算结果进行对比分析.结果表明:鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽对应力、应变的影响最大,可以通过减小鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽,有效降低最大应力、应变值;厚度、曲率半径及齿宽对入鞘力起到决定性作用,而根长和角度对入鞘力的影响很小;轴向刺入深度主要通过控制鞘部长度及鞘部角度来定义,径向刺入深度则由曲率半径的大小所决定.研究可为需心尖固定的心脏介入产品设计提供一定的借鉴意义.     

虹鳟鱼的养殖技术特点和前景展望

本文阐述了养鳟业的经济意义和价值,并从养鳟用水和生产方式、苗种生产、食用鱼养成、养鳟饲料、海水养鳟,疾病防治等方面总结了养鳟基本技术,同时对我国养鳟历史作了回顾,提出了我国养鳟业的发展前景。     

Restricted nitrous oxide emissions by ammonia oxidizers in two agricultural soils following excessive urea fertilization

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Nitrogen (N) fertilizer placement in bands is a widely accepted agricultural practice to increase N use efficiency. An excessive ammonium concentration in a...