毛竹内生拮抗细菌筛选及其16S rDNA鉴定

通过平板对峙法、滤纸片法、牛津杯法对6种食用菌病原菌的拮抗效果进行了初筛和复筛,并观察了细菌菌落表征性状;进行了16S rDNA序列分析.结果表明,初步筛选出了JL-B16、JL-A07、JL-B05、JL-B11、CT-B19、CT-B01、CT-B04-1、CT-A16等8株具有初步拮抗效果的内生细菌;复筛出4株具有较好拮抗效果的内生细菌,菌株编号分别是JL-B05、JL-B16、CT-A16、JL-A07;4株内生拮抗细菌菌株分属于2属3种,分别为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和短杆菌属(Brevibacterium).该研究为内生拮抗细菌开发、防病微生物菌剂的制备及应用提供了资源.     

芸薹属及其他异源多倍体植物的基因表达特征研究进展

远缘杂交及异源多倍化导致许多重要作物的起源与进化，而芸薹属栽培异源四倍种是研究作物异源多倍化的模式系统之一。异源多倍体是如何调控及协调来自不同二倍体祖先的不同基因组的遗传行为及基因表达，是过去二十年间的研究热点和重要的生物学问题。利用不断发展的分子生物学技术，一方面揭示出芸薹属及其他多倍体物种基因组表现出动态性质，即在形成初期及长期进化过程中持续发生遗传及表观遗传的变化；另一方面发现异源多倍化过程中伴随着大量的基因表达模式改变，包括非加性表达、超亲表达、表达水平显性、部分同源偏向表达、基因剂量平衡效应等现象。上述基因组结构、表观遗传改变以及基因表达模式的调控，使新产生的多倍体得以成功进化为新物种。     

工程设施技术在稻渔共作模式中的发展

稻渔共作模式是一种继承传统农业中遵循自然协调、绿色生态的农业发展理念并以现代农业技术为指导的生态循环农业模式，该模式具有稳粮、促渔、增收、提质、环境友好和可持续发展等多种生态系统功能，但缺乏稻田生态理论研究及新的生态管理技术，且基础设施不足，与种养技术匹配设施缺乏。工程设施技术属于稻渔共作模式配套技术，决定稻渔共作模式的发展潜力。目前工程设备设施在稻渔共作模式中的应用普及程度低，尚未开发出与稻渔共作模式特点相匹配的专用设备。结合稻渔共作模式的发展历史和水平，对配套工程设施技术的发展进行分析。      

Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver

Goose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.     

秀珍菇原基形成相关基因PpFBD1的克隆与表达研究

前期研究中通过对秀珍菇经低温诱导后不同发育阶段样本进行转录组测序及差异表达基因分析发现,ID为Cluster-6377.64510的基因(命名为PpFBD1)在原基形成前期的样本中高表达。为进一步了解分析其表达特性及功能,根据转录组测序结果设计特异性引物,利用RT-PCR技术从秀珍菇中克隆获得了该基因的cDNA全长。该基因由342个核苷酸组成,编码一个由113个氨基酸组成的蛋白,蛋白相对分子质量约11 ku。进化树分析显示,PpFBD1编码蛋白与糙皮侧耳hydrophobin1编码的疏水蛋白亲缘关系最近。Gene Ontology功能分析表明,PpFBD1主要参与真菌类细胞壁的合成。荧光定量RT-PCR检测显示,该基因在菌丝体经低温诱导后恢复至室温阶段(原基形成前期)表达量最高,这表明其可能参与调控秀珍菇原基形成过程。本研究结果为阐明秀珍菇原基形成机制提供参考。     

猫鼻气管炎病毒、怀状病毒、泛白细胞减少症病毒的分离及其其形态学观察

根据病毒的理化特性，从猫三联活疫苗中分离出猫鼻气管炎、猫西洋太和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒；筛选出每种病毒敏感的细胞，并将该3种病毒分别分别在其中传代与扩增；通过电镜观察此3种病毒的形态学特征及其在宿主细胞内增殖部位、分布情况等，并以此对猫3种病毒进行了初步鉴定。     

Genotype evaluation,muscle histopathology and ultrastructure in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy animal model

AIM: To evaluate the genotype , muscle histopathology and ultrastructure in dko mice. METHODS: Dystrophin/Utrophin-deficient double knockouts (dko) mice were obtained from university of Oxford, UK. Genotype of filial generation of heterozygote was evaluated by PCR-SSP. HE staining and fluorescent immunohistochemistry by SABC-Cy3 were used to detect striated muscle of dko mouse, and the muscle ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). RESULTS: In 112 filial generation mice, there were 28 mdx (25.0%), 26 dko (23.2%) and 58 heterozygote (51.8%), which coincided with the law of Mendelian inheritance. HE staining showed that the myocytes were not very uniform, there were phenomenon of round outline, centrally nucleated fibers, widening interspace, inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue proliferation in dko mice. There were no any immunofluorescent expression of dystrophin and utrophin in sarcolemma in dko mice. TEM showed sarcolemma breakage, separation and edema, and loose myofibril texture, inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue proliferation in dko mice. CONCLUSION: PCR-SSP is a very quick and accurate way for genotype evaluation of filial generation. The pathophysiology of dko mouse was very similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and dko mouse is an ideal animal model for study of DMD clinical therapy.     

两株新分离的APMV-I毒株感染SPF鸡的超微病理变化

将APMV-I鹅源分离株YG97鸡源分离株Y98和NDV强毒株F48E8感染SPF鸡，运用透射电镜观察该2株病毒分离株对机体细胞的影响，结果显示3株禽副黏病毒均引起机体肝、胰、脾、肾、心、胃、十二指肠和直肠等实质器官组织细胞的超微病变，如黏膜上皮细胞多处受损，表面微绒毛脱落；实质细胞核固缩、凝聚、凹陷、核多形性，线粒体嵴断裂、空泡样变、膜溶解，粗面内质网扩张、囊泡变，细胞浆的囊泡内及细胞浆内存在有囊膜的成熟病毒粒子等，但YG97和Y98对不同实质器官的组织细胞超微病变程度不一：胃、肝、胰、脾、肾超微病变比心脏的超微病变严重。电镜观察结果还表明：3株禽副黏病毒引起宿主细胞的超微病变有2种形式：坏死性病变和凋亡性病变。     

制动防抱死系统在汽车上的应用

在文中通过研究汽车制动时的受力情况、路面附着特性、制动防抱死系统的控制方式、组成和工作情况，得出了使车轮滑动率保持在20％的最佳状态可提高汽车的制动效能，缩短制动距离。并使汽车具有较好的转向和抵抗侧向力的作用，提高汽车制动时的方向稳定性的结论。