枣新品种‘延川狗头枣’

 ‘延川狗头枣’为鲜食、制干兼用中晚熟枣新品种。果实大、卵圆形或锥形，似狗头状。单果平均质量18.7 g，最大25.4 g；果肉细脆，汁液中多，味酸甜；鲜食、干制品质优良。适宜平均气温10—11l℃ 、降雨量500 mm左右的北方地区栽培。     

过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用

为研究不同比例过磷酸钙添加剂对畜禽粪便高温堆肥氨挥发和温室气体减排的作用,该文以猪粪和玉米秸秆为试验材料,以市售过磷酸钙肥料作为添加剂,在发酵仓中(单仓体积1.2m3)进行56d的好氧堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中的温室气体和氨排放速率及堆体碳、氮损失率。结果表明:在初始物料中添加干质量3.3%～13.2%的过磷酸钙添加剂对减少堆体碳、氮损失,降低温室气体排放均有明显效果,但超过初始物料干质量的9.9%的过磷酸钙添加剂会对堆肥腐熟进程产生显著抑制作用;该试验中添加初始物料干质量3.3%～6.6%分别使堆肥56d的NH3、N2O和CH4排放量减少了24.1%～43.4%、22.2%～27.7%和22.4%～62.9%,总温室气体排放当量减少30%。猪粪和玉米秸秆堆肥中较适宜的过磷酸钙添加量是初始物料干质量的3.3%～6.6%。该文为过磷酸钙添加剂应用于实际堆肥工程提供理论依据。     

钢质管道支座处的腐蚀控制方法

钢质管道与支座接触处及其周围的腐蚀比其它非特殊部位严重,由于其不易发现而被忽略,难以维护和重新防腐,易造成安全隐患.通过分析这种现象的形成原因,提出了三种有效控制支座处管道腐蚀的新型支座结构方案,可从根本上解决钢质管道与支座接触处的腐蚀问题.     

闸管灌溉系统介绍

针对渠道和低压管道输水灌溉系统的输配水问题，经水利部“９４８”项目办公室批准立项，由中国水利水电科学研究院在引进国外先进技术设备基础上研究开发的闸管灌溉系统已获成功，并投入生产，实现了闸管灌溉产品的国产化。闸管灌溉系统可与渠灌区、井灌区的管道输水配套...     

提高我国文化软实力的必要性与策略

当今世界的竞争是综合国力的竞争,而文化软实力越来越成为综合国力的一部分,与经济、军事等硬实力相结合,成为推动当今社会发展的重要力量。我国也已把文化软实力建设的重大课题提了出来。我国要想在激烈的国际竞争中赢得主动、成为世界意义的大国,提高文化软实力,这是一门我们必须面对的必修课,我们别无选择。     

浅谈公路沥青混凝土路面施工质量控制

本文对公路沥青混凝土路面施工的全过程顺序、方法、进行了论述，并分析说明具体施工过程中的质量控制程序。     

泥鳅生长及抗氧化 解毒酶系统对水体中转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻残遗物的响应

在泥鳅养殖水体中添加稻秆粉模拟水稻残遗物生境,研究了泥鳅生长和肝胰脏抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)与解毒酶(GST)活性对转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻‘华恢1号’(HH1)的响应。设计以HH1稻秆粉10 mg·L?1、50 mg·L?1、100 mg·L?1和200 mg·L?1 4个梯度浓度处理泥鳅为试验组,以非转Bt基因水稻‘明恢63’(MH63)稻秆粉处理组为阴性对照,不加稻秆粉的基础饲养组为空白对照。结果显示:在4种稻秆粉浓度下,HH1组与MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、肥满度、内脏系数及SOD、CAT和GST酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05);与空白对照比较,稻秆粉浓度升高对泥鳅生长的抑制逐渐增强,当浓度达到200 mg·L?1时,HH1组和MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、内脏系数与CAT活性降低。研究结果表明,水体中低含量的转融合基因Cry1Ab/Ac水稻HH1稻秆粉对泥鳅的生长与生理酶活性没有明显影响,高浓度HH1和MH63稻秆粉均使泥鳅的生长和生理酶活性显著降低,这可能与养殖水体中浓度较高的悬浮稻秆粉妨碍了泥鳅的呼吸和滤食,及稻秆粉的分解降低了水体p H和溶氧量有关。     

饲料中土霉素的高效液相色谱法检测

用高效液相色谱法测定饲料中土霉素，以草酸为提取液，通过控制提取时溶液的pH值，来提高饲料中土霉素检测的回收率。方法平均回收率为106.4％．平均变异系数为3．1％。     

Nitrapyrin affects the abundance of ammonia oxidizers rather than community structure in a yellow clay paddy soil

Purpose

Yellow clay paddy soil (Oxisols) is a low-yield soil with low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in southern China. The nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6- (tricholoromethyl)-pyridine, CP) has been applied to improve NUE and reduce environmental pollution in paddy soil. However, the effects of nitrapyrin combined with nitrogen fertilizers on ammonia oxidizers in yellow clay paddy soil have not been examined.

Materials and methods

A randomized complete block design was set with three treatments: (1) without nitrogen fertilizer (CK), (2) common prilled urea (PU), and (3) prilled urea with nitrapyrin (NPU). Soil samples were collected from three treatments where CK, PU, and NPU had been repeatedly applied over 5 years. Soil samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR and 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing of the amoA gene to investigate the influence of nitrapyrin combined with nitrogen on the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in yellow clay paddy soil.

Results and discussion

The potential nitrification rate (PNR) of the soil was significantly correlated with the abundances of both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Application of urea significantly stimulated AOA and AOB growth, whereas nitrapyrin exhibited inhibitory effects on AOA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the most dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AOA and AOB were affiliated with the Nitrosotalea cluster and Nitrosospira cluster 12, respectively. AOA and AOB community structures were not altered by urea and nitrapyrin application.

Conclusions

Nitrogen fertilization stimulated nitrification and increased the population sizes of AOA and AOB. Nitrapyrin affected the abundance, but not community structure of ammonia oxidizers in yellow clay soil. Our results suggested that nitrapyrin improving NUE and inhibiting PNR was attributable to the inhibition of AOA growth.

     

西南岩溶山区水资源可持续利用评价指标选取及权重确定

降雨径流是引起土壤侵蚀的主要动力,因此准确预测不同下垫面条件下的径流量是进行土壤侵蚀预报和水土流失治理的关键.SCS-CN方法是目前国际上预测无径流观测资料地区降水产流的主要模型.利用黄土高原地区6个试验小区的153场径流试验资料,选取3种具有代表性的土地利用方式:谷子、苜蓿和高粱,对SCS-CN方法在黄土高原的适应性进行了初步检验,优化出了适应黄土高原地区3种土地利用方式的模型参数.结果表明,优化后的模型参数对降雨径流的预测精度明显优于标准SCS-CN法;优化后的λ值为0.01,优化的谷子、苜蓿和高粱地CN2 值分别是74,74,72.