果蔬型甜玉米新品种京科甜191的选育

京科甜191是以超甜玉米自交系T68为母本,自交系T6302为父本,通过杂交选育而成的果蔬型甜玉米品种。果穗筒型,穗长19.0 cm,穗粗5.3 cm,穗行数16~18行,行粒数36~38粒,粒行整齐。籽粒亮黄色,外观漂亮。平均每667 m2鲜果穗产量900 kg左右,出籽率约67.4%。鲜籽粒含粗蛋白2.98%,粗脂肪1.37%,总糖6.7%,口感甜脆清爽,皮薄无渣。播种至采收平均85.4 d(天),适宜京津冀及类似生态区种植。     

山下黑猪与鲁莱黑猪正反交F1代杂种优势的估计

旨在估计山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪正反交F₁代杂种优势，筛选出合适的杂交方式，以提高优质肉猪的生产效率，满足人们对于优质猪肉的需求。本研究在山下黑猪（164头）和鲁莱黑猪（69头）及其正（6头山下黑猪♂×25头鲁莱黑猪♀）、反（3头鲁莱黑猪♂×35头山下黑猪♀）交4个群体中测定了生长肥育、体尺外貌（75～110 kg）、繁殖和胴体肉质（90～115 kg）4大类共43个性状，比较了这些性状在群体间的差异，并估计了正反交F₁代的杂种优势。结果表明，山下黑猪的生长肥育和体尺性状较好，鲁莱黑猪的繁殖和肉质性状较好，正反交群体介于它们之间。正交群体的繁殖性能优于反交群体，但生长肥育性能比反交差。由于这4个群体的母猪都是纯种，因此繁殖性状没有表现出明显杂种优势。除膘厚、胸椎数、45 min pH和剪切力无显著的杂种优劣势外，大部分胴体性状和肉质性状有明显的杂种劣势。生长肥育性状的杂种优势在正反交群体中的表现不一致，反交群体表现出显著杂种优势，而正交则无明显的杂种优势。本研究估计了山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪正反交的杂种优势，为筛选山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪的最佳杂交方式奠定基础。     

甘蓝型双低隐性核不育杂交种沪油杂1号的选育

沪油杂1号(原编号SH-19)是利用隐性上位互作核雄性不育系20118A育成的甘蓝型双低杂交油菜品种.20118A的育性由2对隐性重叠基因和1对隐性上位基因控制,基因型为aabbRfRf,临保系的基因型为aabbrfrf,恢复系的基因型为AA__或__BB__.沪油杂1号种子含油量42.43%,芥酸含量0.62%,硫甙含量24.23μmol/g.在上海市油菜区域试验中平均产量2 243.3kg/hm2,比双高对照汇油50增产11.9%,比双低对照沪油15增产3.8%;在上海市油菜生产试验中平均产量2 244.0kg/hm2,分别比对照汇油50增产33.6%,比对照沪油15增产15.9%.     

一种适合稻区紫云英生产实际的紫云英加工调制方式

将紫云英鲜草分离为草汁、细渣、纤维状渣；以粉状能量精料为载体吸收汁液；3种制品都以晾晒的方式进行干燥。晾晒时，3种制品综合占场面积较原草减少近90％；3种制品均可在一个晴日内风干，比原草干燥速度提高一倍余；细渣品质与国标一级苜蓿草粉相当；“二次拌汁料”、“三次拌汁料”之粗蛋白、粗纤维含量符合生长肥育猪饲养标准；加工方式切合稻区紫云英生产实际及产区综合条件，有推广价值，且易推广。     

重组逆转录病毒载体的包装

将3.7kb的LacZ基因片段克隆到含标志基因Neo的逆转录病毒载体，pLXSN与pLNCX的多克隆位点，构建了含有LacZ基因的重组逆转录病毒载体pLLSN和pLNCL.在测定了G418对饥装细胞系PA317的最小致剂量后（最小致死剂量为0.3g/L），通过脂质体Lipofectin与磷酸钙2种介质，分别将2种重组逆转录病毒载体导入包装细胞系PA317进行包装，并以0.3g/L，的G418进行筛选，得到多个G418抗性克隆，经扩大培养，传代，分别得到包装pLLSN与pLNCL的2株阳性细胞，电镜下可见阳性细胞的培养上清中具有逆转录病毒形态特征的成熟病毒粒子，本0研究为运用逆转录病毒载体系统，解决转角因效率低的问题奠定了基础。     

JEV、PPV、PRRSV、PRV多联PCR的应用研究

用 JEV、PRRSV二联 PCR,PPV、PRV二联 PCR以及这 4种病毒 4联 PCR对来自内蒙、广州、广西、天津、北京、吉林病料进行检测 ,共检了 1 4 6份病料。其中 PRRSV阳性 7份 ,PPV阳性 1 2份 ,PRV阳性 2 1份 ,PRV和 PPV混合感染 4份。并对 5份人工接种 JEV小鼠病料检测 ,其中 4份为阳性。随后对部分阳性 PCR扩增产物进行点杂交和核苷酸测序鉴定 ,证实了 PCR扩增准确性。对内蒙 PRRSV阳性扩增带测序结果显示 ,我国流行 PRRSV为美洲型 ,在扩增片段的核苷酸序列上有 3个碱基差异     

EFFECT OF PARAQUAT ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN SOILS*

Summary. When paraquat was added to four different soils, nitrification was not appreciably affected but ammonification of soil organic-matter nitrogen was slightly retarded. Carbon dioxide evolution as well as oxygen consumption was used as an index of metabolic activity of soil micro-organisms and paraquat had a stimulatory effect at higher concentrations. Oxidation of added sulphur was slightly depressed. Paraquat decreased both the total mould and bacterial populations in Chehalis silt loam. After 30 days incubation the percentages of Streptomyces and Penicillia were markedly increased by most treatments but were little affected in Chehalis silt clay and Woodburn soils. Except for the temporary suppression of nitrification, paraquat had no significant influence on general microbial activities of importance to soil fertility. Some bimodal effects or toxicity inversions were observed with intermediate concentrations. Effet du paraquat sur les activités microbiennes dans les sols     

利用磷肥厂副产氟硅酸防治小麦锈病的研究

作者于1966半报告了氟硅酸对小麦条锈病具有良好药效,氰硅酸是磷肥厂副产,资源丰富、成本低廉。1971年又用氟硅酸与尿素制成便于运输和贮存的晶态的氟硅脲,其分子式为[(NH_2)_2CO]_4·H_2SiF_6。十多年来经过15个省市的田间试验,肯定了氟硅酸和氟硅脲对小麦三种锈病均有效。在山东烟台地区和四川内江地区的大面积推广试用均取得良好效果。防治有效浓度按H_2SiF_6计为0.05～0.10%,药液中须加入湿润剂。除扬花期不可喷药外,其它生育期均可喷药。对小麦的增产效果显著。小麦种子中未发现氟的反常残留。经卫生部门测定,十个样本中有6个氟残留量为0.71～1.98ppm,有1个样本中为3.47ppm,系过量喷药所致。其余3个样本中未检出氟。本文讨论了使用无机氟剂的环境保护问题。根据地球化学和环境化学的最近研究成果,在本文所建议采取的使用浓度下,用氟硅酸防治小麦锈病并无引起环境污染之虞。     

桃果实絮败机理及减缓措施

桃果实在8℃以下的低温环境中贮藏2周以上极易受冷害,后熟过程中表现出果肉质地发绵、汁液减少等 絮败现象。絮败的产生主要是果胶甲酯酶(PE)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性变化不平衡导致果胶质正常降解受 阻,形成凝胶所致。综述了近年来对于桃和油桃絮败机理方面的研究成果,从絮败发生的机理、絮败程度检测以及在 低温贮藏中如何减缓絮败发生的措施等方面进行了论述。认为影响桃果实絮败的主要因素是贮藏温度、品种、成熟 度等。絮败的评价主要用出汁率等方法,在贮藏中可以采用气调、中途加温、外源乙烯处理、延期贮藏等措施减缓絮 败发生。提出了需要近一步研究的内容。     

Role of p38MAPK in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Kupffer cells from severe acute pancreatitis rats

AIM:To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in the Kupffer cells (KCs) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.METHODS:Sprague-Dwaley rats were randomized into three groups:①sham operation rats, ②SAP rats, ③SAP rats given the p38 MAPK inhibitor CNI-1493(10 mg/kg, iv). The SAP model was induced by the bili-pancreatic duct infusion with 5% sterile soduim taurocholate solution. Rats from each group were killed at 12 h after sham operation or SAP and Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) and p38 MAPK activity (by Western blot analysis) in KCs were examined. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in plasma were determined by ELISA.RESULTS:There was a significant acvitation of p38 MAPK in KCs harvested from SAP rats than those from sham operation rats. SAP also promoted the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in KCs and the plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. These events were significantly inhibited by treatment with CNI-1493.CONCLUSIONS:p38 MAPK activation is one important aspect of the signaling events that may mediate the KCs production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in SAP rats. The inhibition of the p38 MAPK may be a potential target in the prevention and treatment of SAP.