饲粮中主要谷物与谷物颗粒大小对早期罗曼褐壳蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中主要谷物和谷物的几何平均粒径（GMD）对20～48周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质的影响。试验选择960只罗曼褐壳蛋鸡,采用完全随机设计为6×2×3,共分6个处理组．谷物饲粮分别为玉米和小麦,谷物粉碎粒度分别为6、8、10mm。每个处理设8个重复,每个重复20只。所有的饲粮配方设计中包含50％的玉米或小麦。每4周记录生产性能结果,第48周龄时测量蛋品质。试验结果表明,GMD为10mm时鸡采食量显著高于GMD为6和8mm时（P〈0.05）,说明粗糙的谷物粉碎粒度一定程度上有助于提高蛋鸡的采食量,而对蛋品质参数均没有显著影响。可以得出结论,谷物类型与谷物GMD除了影响早期罗曼褐壳蛋鸡采食量随谷物粉碎粒度的增加而增加外,其生产性能和蛋品质指标变化均不显著。     

日粮不同钙源与添加水平对褐壳蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本试验选用1152只罗曼褐壳蛋鸡为研究对象,探讨了日粮不同钙源(FIN,COA和OYS)与添加水平(3.5%和4.0%)对其产蛋后期(58~73周)生产性能及蛋品质的影响。其中,FIN日粮均为以优质石灰石(LIM)形式存在的碳酸钙,COA日粮和OYS日粮除含60%的优质石灰石外,还分别含有40%的劣质石灰石和牡蛎壳。试验共分6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复24只鸡。生产性能和鸡蛋品质每隔4周统计1次,73周龄时,测定试验鸡群的胫骨特征和蛋壳品质。结果发现,钙日采食量由4.08 g升至4.64 g,可显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋率(71.2%vs 74.9%,P<0.001)、蛋重(49.0 vs 51.4 g,P<0.05)、饲料转化率(2.43 vs 2.30,P<0.001)、蛋壳比重(9.98%vs 10.20%,P<0.05)、蛋壳厚度(0.342 vs 0.351 mm,P<0.01)和蛋壳密度(82.0 vs 83.8 mg/cm2,P<0.001)。钙源对于蛋壳密度具有显著影响,其中以饲喂COA日粮的蛋鸡最高,OYS次之(81.9 vs 84.0 vs 82.7 mg/cm2,P<0.05)。除此之外,钙源对试验蛋鸡的生产性能、胫骨特征和其它鸡蛋品质没有任何影响。上述结果表明,褐壳蛋鸡在产蛋后期对于钙的需要量高于3.5%(4.08 g/d),运用劣质石灰石或牡蛎壳替代日粮中40%的优质石灰石,并不影响其生产性能,但对蛋壳品质和鸡胫骨特征偶有小疵。     

Replacing bacitracin methylene disalicylate by crushed Nigella sativa seeds in broiler rations and its effects on growth, blood constituents and immunity

The effect of using crushed Nigella sativa seeds (NSS) as a natural growth promoter instead of the antibiotic growth promoter bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) in broiler rations that contain one of two types of anticoccidials (either lasalocid Na or 3-nitro) on growth performance, blood constituents and some selected antibody titers was studied. An experiment was conducted on five dietary groups with two different growth promoter's supplementation from one to 42 days of age. The statistical findings of this experiment prove that replacing BMD by crushed NSS significantly improve growth performance. The serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride were significantly decreased, while, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased. Concerning the findings that pertain to immunity, antibody titer against Newcastle and infectious bursal diseases were significantly improved by replacing BMD by crushed NSS, but no significant effects were noticed in antibody titer against infectious bronchitis. In conclusion, from the results of the current study it could be speculated that crushed NSS could be of value to replace BMD in broiler diets. Further studies must be performed to detect the proper level of NSS before field application.     

A critical review of microbially induced carbonate precipitation for soil stabilization: The global experiences and future prospective

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP) is a new technology having the potential to induce soil stabilization and provide a green and sustainable comprehensive solution to some geotechnical engineering problems in the environment. The present article is dedicated to present a critical review of this technology and discuss its mechanisms of action and the key factors influencing its performance. The global experiences and national participation from Egypt are demonstrated, in addition t...     

Effect of Dietary Protein Level,Stocking Density,and Dietary Pantothenic Acid Supplementation Rate on Performance and Blood Components of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Protein in the diet (25 Vs 31%), stocking rate (100 Vs 200 fish per m³), and inclusion rate of pantothenic acid, vitamin B5, (10 Vs 20 mg/kg diet) were compared for their effects on blood plasma protein, albumin, urea-N, creatinine, plasma transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT), thyroxin (T₃), and growth in Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Blood total protein, albumin, ALT, T₃, and growth were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in fish groups fed the high protein diet, while urea-N concentration in blood was significantly (P < 0.001) lower. Final body weight and daily weight gain were lower and food conversion rate was higher at the higher stocking density. Blood total protein, albumin, ALT, and T₃ were lower in fish groups reared at high stocking density. Body weight and daily gain was significantly higher at the higher pantothenic acid inclusion level, while feed conversion ratio was lower. Blood total protein, albumin, ALT, and T₃ were also elevated. The highest income to the system was from the group fed high protein, reared at low stocking density and fed diets supplemented with 10 mg vitamin B5.     

日粮蛋氨酸、亚油酸及脂肪含量对褐壳蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能及蛋品质的影响

通过2个试验研究等能日粮中减少蛋氨酸(Met,0.36%vs 0.31%)、亚油酸(Lin,1.60%vs 1.12%),以及补充脂肪(Sfat,3.0%vs 1.1%)对褐壳蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能及蛋品质的影响。试验分为8个处理组(2×2×2设计),每个处理组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡(试验1,选用59~70日龄的Hy-Line蛋鸡,试验2,选用56~75日龄的Lohm-ann蛋鸡)。除了添加脂肪外,其他因素对蛋鸡的生产性能及蛋品质的影响很小。减少蛋氨酸含量仅在试验2中降低60~67日龄大蛋和特大蛋的比例(79.8%vs 85.9%,P<0.05)。在试验1中减少脂肪添加量显著降低产蛋量(77.0%vs 79.3%,P<0.05)、降低蛋重(64.9 vs 66.3 g,P<0.001)、减少产蛋总重(49.8 vs 52.5 g/d,P<0.001)和特大蛋的比例(8.2%vs 13.1%,P<0.05),并提高料蛋比(2.36 vs 2.26,P<0.001),但在试验2中这些指标则无显著差异。在2个试验中减少日粮LIN含量(1.60%~1.12%)对上述蛋鸡生产性能指标均无显著影响。由此可知,降低日粮脂肪添加量(3.0%~1.1%)将影响蛋鸡生产性能和特大蛋的比例。而降低日粮Met含量(0.36%~0.31%)或Lin含量(1.60%~1.12%)不会显著影响产蛋后期蛋鸡的生产性能。日粮减少脂肪添加量、降低Met或Lin含量对蛋壳质量均无显著影响。     

Histochemical demonstration of five enzymes' activities in Macrogyrodactylus clarii (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from the catfish Clarias gariepinus

Histochemical techniques were applied to whole mounts, to study the distribution of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase in the organs and tissues of a viviparous monogenean, Macrogyrodactylus clarii Gussev, 1961, from the gills of the North African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in Egypt. The following organs and tissues were studied: head region, anterior adhesive glands, mouth region, pharynx, intestine, testis, vesicula seminalis, male accessory gland, male accessory reservoir, copulatory organ, receptaculum seminis, egg-cell forming region, embryonic cells, excretory system, nerve cells, haptor, muscle fibres and subtegumental cell bodies (cytons). The enzymes showed marked differences in their activities among the studied organs and tissues. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities were detected in many organs and tissues, while the activities of adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase were restricted to a few organs. Although no positive reaction for any enzyme was observed in the anterior adhesive gland cells, a positive reaction for acid phosphatase was detected in the anterior adhesive areas. All enzymes showed marked activity in the digestive and excretory systems. The distribution of the enzymes in the tissues and organs of M clarii is compared with those of other monogeneans, including other gyrodactylids parasitizing the same host fish. Some possible functions of the enzymes are discussed.     

Influence of Root Chilling on Winter and Spring Wheat Growth and Carbon Dioxide Assimilation

Growth and carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum     

日粮中蛋氨酸、亚油酸和脂肪添加水平对伊莎褐蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响

该试验主要研究在等能日粮中降低蛋氨酸（0．36％降到0．31％）、亚油酸（1．60％降到1．12％）及脂肪（3．0％降到1．1％）水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响。共分2项试验进行,8个处理组,6个重复,每个处理20只鸡（试验1中海兰鸡为59～70周龄;试验2中罗曼鸡为56～75周龄）。除脂肪外,其他处理对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质几乎没有影响。     

A new eudesmane derivative from Onopordon ambiguum

Reinvestigation of Onopordon ambiguum extract afforded a new eudesmane derivative 1, in addition to the known elemanoid derivative 2. The structures of both compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H and 1H-13C COSY analysis.