北疆“一年两作”冬小麦-复播青贮玉米模式物质生产及资源利用率研究

为建立与农区畜牧业发展相适应的资源高效利用的新型饲料生产体系,满足市场对青贮玉米需求,2011—2012年在新疆天山以北地区对冬小麦-复播青贮玉米、单季冬小麦、单季青贮玉米不同模式的物质积累和生育过程的光、温资源的实际利用效率进行系统测定分析。结果表明,冬小麦-复播青贮玉米双季模式优于传统单季种植冬小麦模式,其全年干物质生产率提高84.8%、周年干物质产能提高87.8%,年总辐射利用效率提高87%,年总有效积温利用率103%。复播青贮玉米干物质生产效比春播率低7.1%,太阳总辐射生产率和温度生产效率复播比春播分别高0.12 g·J^-1和0.7 kg·hm^-2·℃^-1。因此冬小麦-复播青贮玉米具有高产高效特点,为一熟 农区畜牧发展提了一条新型饲料生产种植模式。     

转hrf1基因水稻对稻曲病抗性分析

用注射接种法测定9个转hrf1基因水稻品系对稻曲病的抗性,结果表明B12-2m、B12、HTRP2和NJH12转基因系对稻曲病的抗性有显著提高,其中NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现最突出。在江苏南京和安徽潜山两地的田间测定结果显示NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现明显,与对照相比防效提高65%以上。用RT-PCR测定抗病转基因系中防卫基因的表达,在抗病转基因系中,Ospr1a、Ospr1b和PAL等防卫反应基因的表达明显增强。转hrf1基因水稻可能通过诱导防卫反应基因的表达提高水稻对稻曲病的抗性。     

4个青贮玉米品种的青贮发酵品质及瘤胃降解特性的比较

为筛选出适合在苏中地区种植的青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)品种,本试验对4个青贮玉米品种进行全株青贮,比较青贮品质和瘤胃降解特性。试验结果表明：‘雅玉8号’全株玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高(P<0.05),pH值、氨态氮含量和乙酸含量低于‘扬大109’(P<0.05)。全株玉米青贮的瘤胃干物质有效降解率由高到低依次为‘康源01号’(40.98%)、‘扬大109’(39.25%)、‘雅玉8号’(37.69%)和‘牧场06号’(35.29%)。瘤胃中性洗涤纤维有效降解率由高到低依次为‘扬大109’(29.91%)、‘雅玉8号’(28.75%)、‘牧场06号’(27.12%)和‘康源01号’(21.20%)。综上所述,在本试验选取的4个青贮玉米品种中,‘牧场06号’是最适宜在苏中地区推广种植的青贮玉米品种。     

成都平原冬季繁育马铃薯脱毒苗水培技术优化研究(英文)

以马铃薯品种费乌瑞它脱毒试管苗为材料,设置传统水培(CK)、安装加热棒(T1)及安装加热棒和保温棚(T2)3个处理,研究不同加温措施对马铃薯试管苗水培繁育的影响。结果表明:在成都平原气温较低的冬季,通过在传统水培设施上安装加热棒和覆盖保温棚,可使水培苗床水温保持在15~22℃,使水培苗较传统方法提早生根6.4 d,提早出苗13d,同时有利于形成壮苗,其根长、茎粗、株高、叶片数和鲜重等指标均显著优于传统方法。在水培苗扦插后42 d,当CK处理刚上到雾培阶段时,T1处理单株结薯数已达1.70颗,T2处理已达3.57颗。因此,水培加温处理有利于组培苗提前扦插,培养健壮水培苗,并提早雾培苗结薯,具有重要的生产意义。     

规范自交系繁育提高玉米制种质量

玉米自交系质量既关系到当年(季)的制种质量和操作难易,更关系到下年(季)杂交一代种子的种性和增产潜力,其中纯度更是玉米种子生产成败的关键。因此,规范自交系繁育是目前提高玉米制种质量的当务之急。     

ANSYS软件参数化建模研究

大型通用有限元ANSYS软件在结构分析、结构优化设计等工程问题上有广泛的应用。优化设计成功与否的关键是参数化建模与形成分析文件,本文详细讨论了参数化建模的细节与注意事项以及分析文件的形成,为结构优化设计人员提供帮助。     

Long-term fertilization leads to specific PLFA finger-prints in Chinese Hapludults soil

Soil microbes play essential roles in the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon and nutrient cycling. Many studies have reported various short-term effects of fertilization on soil microbes. However, less is known about the effects of longterm fertilization regimes on the rhizosphere. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how the soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies. Based on a 21-year field treatment experiment in Guizhou, China, we extracted phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs) to determine the microbial community structure in both the non-rhizosphere(NR) and rhizosphere(R). Six treatments were included: no fertilizer(CK), mineral nitrogen fertilizer(N), N with potassium(NK), phosphorus with K(PK), NPK, and NPK combined with manure(MNPK). The results showed that total PLFAs under unbalanced mineral fertilization(N, NK and PK) were decreased by 45% on average in the NR compared with CK, whereas MNPK increased fungi and G~– bacteria abundance significantly in both the NR(by 33 and 23%) and R(by 15 and 20%), respectively. In addition, all microbial groups in the R under these treatments(N, NK and PK) were significantly increased relative to those in the NR, except for the ratio of F/B and G~+/G~–, which might be due to the high nutrient availability in the R. Soil pH and SOC significantly regulated the soil microbial community and structure, explaining 51 and 20% of the variation in the NR, respectively. However, the rhizosphere microbial community structure was only significantly affected by soil pH(31%). We concluded that the soil microbial community in the NR was more strongly affected by long-term fertilization than that in the R due to the rhizosphere effect in the agricultural ecosystem. Rhizosphere nutrient conditions and buffering capacity could help microbial communities resist the change from the long-term fertilization.     

单位换算技术在水泵测试软件中的应用

水泵试验时,要采集诸多参数,并且根据这些参数计算出扬程、轴功率、NPSH等数值,不同国家这些参数采用的单位不同,企业必须能够按照客户要求的单位提供试验数据:并且有时客户要求得到水泵在特殊介质下进行试验得出的试验数据,同一台泵在每种介质下都做一遍试验不太现实,而且会提高企业的生产成本,提出将采集的数据进行单位换算,根据不同国家或者客户的特殊要求求出泵的试验数据,在实际应用中节省了试验成本,得到了企业的好评.     

防治胡椒瘟病生物农药筛选及其盆栽药效试验

胡椒瘟病是危害中国胡椒产业的首要病害,目前主要依赖使用化学农药防治,筛选应用生物农药是减少化学农药用量的有效途径。本文通过室内毒力测定和室外盆栽药效试验,测定了5种生物农药对胡椒瘟病的防治效果。结果表明:室内毒力测定木霉菌WP、枯草芽孢杆菌WP和Z菌株发酵液对胡椒瘟病病原菌的抑菌效果好且敏感性高,EC50分别为0.49、0.78、1.13μg/m L;盆栽药效试验Z菌株发酵液和枯草芽孢杆菌WP对胡椒瘟病防效最好,平均防效分别为83%和82%,芽孢杆菌/淡紫拟青霉WP的防效次之,平均防效为69%。综合来看,Z菌株发酵液和枯草芽孢杆菌WP对胡椒瘟病具有很好防效,具备良好的绿色防控潜力。