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排序方式: 共有123条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Alba Marina Cotes Philippe Lepoivre Jean Semal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(5):497-506
An experimental protocol consisting in the colonisation of pregerminated bean seeds dressed withTrichoderma sp. was used in order to study the mechanisms correlated with the protective effect againstPythium splendens. Seed dressed with TH-11 (T. koningii) for 24 h presented a higher protective effect and a higher level of seed colonisation as compared to those dressed with TH-13 (T. longibranchiatum). The levels of seed coat colonisation by TH-11 and TH-13 was shown to be correlated with the carboxymethylcellulase activity, as measured in the seed coats retreived from germinating dressed bean seeds. The seed coat colonisation was also associated with an increased activities of endo-1,3--glucanase and endochitinase measured in seed extracts, and an inhibitory effect of seed extracts onPythium sporangia germination. Pretreatment of TH-13-dressed seeds with a commercial cellulase improved all parameters mentioned above, thus suggesting a role of cellulase activity in the colonisation process and the linked protective effect. The possible role of hydrolytic enzymes in the protective effects is discussed. 相似文献
2.
3.
S Martín Rillo C de Alba Romero A Romero Rodriguez R Cidoncha & AJ Ziecik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2001,36(6):297-300
As in other species, the reproductive tract in pigs increases in size with age and body weight, and the development of the reproductive tract depends on a balance between development of the pituitary–ovarian axis and the influence of metabolic hormones. Two experiments were conducted in prepubertal Duroc gilts, 150–180 days of age, to determine whether litter size is related to vaginal–cervix catheter penetration length during insemination. In experiment 1, oestrus was induced in 452 gilts with a combined dose of 400 IU Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophine (PMSG) + 200 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The gilts were classified into three catheter penetration length groups: Ih, ≤ 21 cm; IIh, > 21 and < 28 cm; IIIh, > 28 cm. The litter size was lowest in group Ih (7.35 ± 0.15) compared with groups IIh (7.81 ± 0.12; p < 0.05) and IIIh (10.0 ± 0.36; p < 0.001). In experiment 2, first oestrus was induced in 162 gilts by boar exposure. The gilts were classified into three catheter penetration length groups at insemination during their second oestrus: In, ≤ 24 cm; IIn, > 24 and < 26 cm; IIIn, > 26 cm. As in experiment 1, the litter size was lowest in the group with the shortest catheter penetration length (8.32 ± 0.19). The litter size was not different among gilts of groups IIn and IIIn (8.84 ± 0.35 and 9.56 ± 0.46, respectively), but litter size was lower (p < 0.05) in group In than in group IIn. Based on the combined data from both experiments, the correlation between the catheter penetration length and total number of piglets born was expressed as: y=5.346 ± 0.104x; r=0.361 (p < 0.05). Fertility rate was not different among the groups of gilts induced into oestrus by hormone treatment or inseminated in the second oestrus; however, the total fertility rate of boar‐exposed gilts was higher (p < 0.0001) than PMSG/hCG treated animals. Thus, it is possible to conclude that litter size at first farrowing is associated with vaginal–cervix catheter penetration length during insemination of the gilt. 相似文献
4.
Marine bacteria are microrganisms that have adapted, through millions of years, to survival in environments often characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, namely pressure, temperature and salinity. The main interest in the research on marine bacteria is due to their ability to produce several biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents. Nonetheless, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), or their portions, from Gram-negative marine bacteria, have often shown low virulence, and represent potential candidates in the development of drugs to prevent septic shock. Besides, the molecular architecture of such molecules is related to the possibility of thriving in marine habitats, shielding the cell from the disrupting action of natural stress factors. Over the last few years, the depiction of a variety of structures of lipids A, core oligosaccharides and O-specific polysaccharides from LPSs of marine microrganisms has been given. In particular, here we will examine the most recently encountered structures for bacteria belonging to the genera Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas, of the γ-Proteobacteria phylum, and to the genera Flavobacterium, Cellulophaga, Arenibacter and Chryseobacterium, of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Particular attention will be paid to the chemical features expressed by these structures (characteristic monosaccharides, non-glycidic appendages, phosphate groups), to the typifying traits of LPSs from marine bacteria and to the possible correlation existing between such features and the adaptation, over years, of bacteria to marine environments. 相似文献
5.
Ceciliani F Pocacqua V Miranda-Ribera A Bronzo V Lecchi C Sartorelli P 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,116(3-4):145-152
alpha(1)-Acid glycoprotein (AGP, orosomucoid) is a normal constituent of bovine blood. AGP is an immunocalin, a binding protein that can also exert several immunomodulatory functions. In this paper we investigated the effect of bovine alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (boAGP) on spontaneous and staurosporine-induced apoptosis of blood derived monocytes purified using magnetic cell sorting techniques. Bovine AGP was purified from blood following a chromatographic protocol. The homogeneous protein was used to stimulate the cells as well to raise a polyclonal antibody, that was used throughout all the experiments. When monocytes were incubated with high concentrations of boAGP (0.9 mg/ml), similar to those found in bovine plasma during systemic reaction to inflammation, their spontaneous apoptosis rate was suppressed, as determined by caspase-3/7 enzymatic activity assay. Similar results were obtained when apoptosis was induced by adding staurosporine, a potent protein kinase inhibitor. The apoptosis-modulating activity of boAGP was dependent on its concentration, since physiological concentrations of boAGP (0.3 mg/ml) did not exhibit a statistically significative anti-apoptotic activity. We also investigated whether this apoptosis-modulating activity was dependent on the terminal sialic acid residues exposed on the surface of the protein. Enzymatic treatment with neuraminidase, that cleaves terminal sialic acid residues, completely abolished boAGP's anti-apoptotic activity. These results suggest that the protective effect of AGP is likely mediated by its sialic acid terminal groups. 相似文献
6.
Background
Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is a globally important oilseed crop, subjected to intensive genetic and genomic studies. Although classical mutagenesis has successfully been applied to Helianthus genus in the past, we have developed the first sunflower TILLING resource.Results
To balance the maximum mutation density with an acceptable plant survival rate, a 'kill curve' analysis was first conducted with different ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) dosages and different exposure times. According to the germination rate, a treatment with 0.7% EMS for 6 h was chosen. An M2 progeny of 3,651 fertile plants was obtained. Totally, 4.79% of the whole population showed clear aberrant phenotypes. A microsatellite analysis on a representative sample of the original seed stock and mutant lines confirmed the uniformity of the genetic background of plant material. The TILLING procedure was successfully applied to sunflower genome, initially by a CelI-nuclease mismatch cleavage assay coupled with a DNA-pooling level test. To investigate the efficiency of the mutagenic treatment, a pilot screening was carried out on 1,152 M2 lines focusing on four genes, three involved in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and one for downy mildew resistance. A total of 9 mutant lines were identified and confirmed by sequencing; thereby, the estimated overall mutation frequency for the pilot assay resulted to be 1/475 kb.Conclusion
A first TILLING population for a high throughput identification of EMS-induced point mutations in sunflower genome has been successfully obtained. This represents a powerful tool to a better understanding of gene function in sunflower. 相似文献7.
Cabras P Farris GA Pinna MV Pusino A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):8053-8056
The fungicide fenhexamid [N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide] degraded rapidly by UV or sunlight irradiation, yielding 7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-(1-methylcyclohexyl)-1,3-benzoxazole (CHB) as a main photoproduct. CHB was isolated, and its effect on alcoholic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. The results indicate that the presence of CHB does not affect the extent of alcohol production. After 12 days, the amount of CHB in the fermentation medium decreased by ca. 65%. Only 25% of the missing CHB was recovered unchanged from yeasts, most likely because it was adsorbed on the yeast wall cell. The remaining part degraded during the fermentation process. Glucan and chitin, two potential adsorbents, which constitute yeast cell walls, exhibited affinity for CHB. 相似文献
8.
Degradation of primisulfuron by a combination of chemical and microbiological processes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Braschi I Pusino A Gessa C Bollag JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):2565-2571
Microbial degradation of the herbicide primisulfuron was investigated using enrichment cultures from contaminated soils and 20 axenic cultures. At neutral pH, no disappearance of the herbicide was detected either in the enrichment cultures or in the growth media of the axenic microbial cultures. During the growth of some of the microbial strains, however, the pH of the medium dropped below 6, resulting in the hydrolysis of primisulfuron. The rate of primisulfuron hydrolysis was clearly pH dependent; primisulfuron was more persistent in neutral or weakly basic solutions than in acidic solutions. After hydrolysis of the herbicide, four products were observed. These were identified as methyl 2-(aminosulfonyl)benzoate, 2-amino-4,6-(difluoromethoxy)pyrimidine, 2-N-[[[[[4, 6-bis(difluoromethoxy)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl ]be nzoic acid, and 2-(aminosulfonyl)benzoic acid. After hydrolysis, it was found that the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized 27 and 24% of (14)C-phenyl- and (14)C-pyrimidine-labeled products, respectively, after 24 days of incubation. Similarly, Trametes versicolor mineralized 13 and 11% of (14)C-phenyl- and (14)C-pyrimidine-labeled hydrolysis products, respectively. In addition, primisulfuron in a hydrolytically stable solution, at pH 7. 0, was rapidly decomposed after ultraviolet irradiation, and two photolysis products were isolated [methylbenzoate and 4, 6-(difluoromethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylurea]. When (14)C-phenyl-labeled primisulfuron was exposed to photolysis for 24 h, 32% of the initial radioactivity was recovered as (14)CO(2), whereas no (14)CO(2) was detected if the herbicide was labeled at the (14)C-pyrimidine position. Mineralization of (14)C-pyrimidine-labeled products of photolyzed primisulfuron by P. chrysosporium was approximately 25% after 24 days. These results clearly indicate that hydrolysis and photolysis of primisulfuron facilitated microbial degradation. 相似文献
9.
Experiments, carried out to verify the parasitic action of Helicotylenchus digonicus on Pinus strobus and P. excelsa and their hybrid, indicate a positive host-parasite relationship. In general the consequences of nematode feeding is a reduction of seedling development similar to that induced by the absence of mycorrhizae. 相似文献
10.