Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene

The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB₁₂, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor.     

发酵酸羊乳冻干粉的生产方法

介绍了发酵酸羊乳冻干粉的生产方法,主要有羊乳预处理、羊乳发酵、冻干制粉和包装质检四个生产工序。应用此法生产的酸羊乳冻干粉保留了酸羊乳原有的色、香、味和营养物质,还具有较高的乳酸菌生物活性。     

Design method and homogeneity control of bridge fair-faced concrete

According to the structural characteristics of bridge engineering, the mix optimization design method of bridge fair-faced concrete was presented, and C30~C50 concrete with high cohesion and package, outstanding fluidity and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. Through the test of air content of fresh concrete, micro hardness and micro structure in different parts of hardened concrete specimens, effects of viscosity-modifying admixtures on homogeneity of concrete were discussed. The results showed that the composition of bridge fair-faced concrete were relatively homogeneous, and the microstructure were relatively dense. When C30 concrete mixed with 5 × 10 -5 cellulose ether or 6% silica fume (mass fraction of cementitious material), air content of fresh concrete were less than 2%, and slurry viscosity values were between 1 900 and 2 000 MPa·s. Also, the micro hardness values in different parts of hardened concrete specimens were closed. The results were applied in practical bridge engineering, which generally meets the apparent quality requirements of bridge fair faced concrete.     

不同沙棘品种在定西的生长情况对比分析

通过对引进的7个沙棘品种的种子育苗及成苗定植，并对成活率、保存率、生长情况进行了观测，初步分析了引进的各沙棘品种类型在定西的适应性。     

甘蓝型油菜两种纯合中芥酸基因型的分离和鉴定

本研究从中国高芥酸甘蓝型油菜品种华油8号与加拿大无芥酸品种Altex杂交的后代中,分离和鉴定出了两种不同的纯合中芥酸基因型,它们在一个基因座位上具有纯合的有芥酸基因E.在另一座位上具有纯合的无芥酸基因c,其基因型组成可分别用E_AE_Ae_Ce_C和e_Ae_AE_CE_C表示。二者的芥酸含量均为27%左右,基本上等于双亲的平均值。这两种基因型的杂交后代和回交后代的分离结果表明,其遗传行为与无芥酸和高芥酸杂交后代的结果相同,这再次证实了芥酸的遗传假说,同时也证实了这两种基因型的遗传组成。文后讨论了这两种基因型的可能用途。     

早籼型水稻温敏核不育系M103S的选育与光温反应特性

以温敏核不育水稻安农S—1为母本，以常规高产早籼稻品系92153为父本进行杂交，通过低温选择和人工气候箱鉴定，育成了育性转换临界温度23—24℃的早籼型温敏核不育系M103S。光周期长于12．5h，日平均温度高于24℃，可以用于制种，日平均温度低于23℃，可以用于繁殖。光周期长于13．5h，日平均温度高于23℃，可以用于制种。自然条件下不育起点温度为日均温23—24℃，耐低温期为3—4d。敏感期为抽穗前的7—14d。播始历期为53—79d，主茎叶片数10．0—12．6片。从播种到始穗的活动积温和有效积温，分别为1493．8—1766．3℃和733．4—1058．3℃。不育期的株高63．6—77．5cm，平均72．0cm，单株有效穗6．4—12．0个，平均9．3个，穗长20．9—22．7cm，平均21．2cm，每穗颖花数112．1—137．3朵，平均122．3朵。可育期株高65．7cm，单株有效穗7．2个，穗长17．2cm，每穗总粒数114．1粒，结实率47．23％，千粒重31．34g。以M103S为母本，与100多个早籼品种进行测配，杂种表现生育期早、穗大、粒多、千粒重高。     

秋水仙碱处理油菜离体小孢子的染色体加倍效应

用秋水仙碱对52份甘蓝型油菜品系（种）和它们的杂种离体小孢子的单倍体二倍化技术进行了研究。从花药中分离出的单核晚期小孢子接种在含10－800mg/L秋水仙碱的NLN液体培养基中处理16－90h后转入无秋水仙碱的相同培养基诱导胚状体。结果表明，用10mg/L秋水仙碱处理小孢子48h，10份材料的双单倍体植株变幅为37.10%-90.12%，平均为65.44%。50mg/L处理48h的8份材料是48.72%-97.81%，平均88.86%。100－800mg/L处理16－48h的试验，多数加倍率在90％－100％之间。但该处理药用量大，费用高，而且对小孢子毒性大，胚状体再生率低。试验还表明，秋水仙碱处理小孢子诱导的二倍体植株所产生的花一般均能结籽，带有不孕花的嵌合植株极少。用秋水碱处理水孢子再生的植株的根或芽所产生的二倍体植株多是可孕和不孕花共生的嵌合植株，自交后产生的单株种子很少，难以达到遗传和育种所需的群体量。     

滇东地质高背景区土壤镉的伴矿景天修复及其对后茬水稻的影响

云南是我国典型的重金属元素地球化学高背景区,超积累植物能否有效修复镉（Cd）地质高背景土壤,从而实现农产品安全生产,尚鲜见报道。以云南石林、富源和罗平等三地的典型Cd地质高背景农田土壤为对象,开展温室盆栽试验,探究Cd、锌（Zn）超积累植物伴矿景天对土壤Cd的吸取修复效果,及对后茬水稻生长和Cd吸收的作用。结果表明,种植三季伴矿景天使三地土壤全量Cd分别下降24.8%、30.9%和58.8%;伴矿景天在富源玄武岩风化物母质发育的土壤上长势最好,与富源土壤肥力相对最高有关;伴矿景天在罗平石灰岩风化物发育的土壤上重金属吸取修复效果最佳,与罗平土壤呈中性、酸化作用更为明显有关,这些差异由土壤母质、养分与重金属有效性等综合影响所致。经伴矿景天吸取修复三季后,全生育期淹水种稻,其糙米和秸秆Cd浓度均大幅降低,可实现糙米Cd安全生产。未经植物吸取修复,旱作处理下水稻糙米Cd存在超标风险。植物吸取修复后种植水稻,再结合水分管理措施,可进一步降低稻米中Cd浓度,实现稻米安全生产,为Cd地质高背景区土壤的农作物安全生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

广东南澳乌屿岛繁殖期褐翅燕鸥家域研究

广东南澳候鸟省级自然保护区的乌屿岛是中国南部沿海地区最大的褐翅燕鸥繁殖地,为确定褐翅燕鸥在繁殖地的家域范围,我们于2018年5月、2019年5月利用卫星追踪技术在乌屿岛开展了繁殖期褐翅燕鸥家域的研究.结果 表明:褐翅燕鸥家域平均面积为(17346.29±31738.74) km2,家域范围西南至珠江口岛屿,北达福建省漳...     

不同施氮量下南方红壤花生农艺性状、产量及土壤养分的变化

为探讨南方红壤旱地不同施氮量下花生农艺性状、产量和土壤养分的变化,采用田间随机区组试验,以高含氮肥料为材料,设置8个处理:不施氮肥（N₀）、200%施氮量（N_200%）、150%施氮量（N_150%）、100%施氮量（N_100%,纯施氮180.48 kg/hm²）、80%施氮量（N_80%）、60%施氮量（N_60%）、40%施氮量（N_40%）和20%施氮量（N_20%）。结果表明:与N₀处理相比,施氮肥提高了花生荚果产量,增产幅度为12.94%~24.62%;荚果产量、单株果重和饱果率随施氮量的增加而增加;而分枝数和百仁重随施氮量变化不明显;株高和百果重以N_80%效果最佳。土壤碱解氮随施氮量的增加而增加。相关分析结果表明,花生荚果产量与饱果率、有机质和碱解氮呈显著正相关;碱解氮与饱果率和有机质呈显著正相关,而与pH呈显著负相关。由主成分分析结果可知,第1主成分性状,即产量因子,如荚果产量、单株果重和百果重对花生生长有重要的作用。通径分析结果表明,百果重和饱果率通径系数较大,所以在提高花生荚果产量中应重视这2个性状。综上所述,从花生产量、农艺性状和成本考虑,以N_80%处理（纯施氮144.38 kg/hm²）的荚果产量、株高、单株果重、百果重、百仁重表现最佳。