AIM: To assess the benefit of inducing emesis in dogs that have ingested rodenticide bait containing brodifacoum (BDF), by determining the amount of BDF in bait recovered from the vomitus relative to the estimated amount consumed.
METHODS: Between 2014 and 2015 samples of vomitus from seven dogs that ingested rodenticide baits containing BDF were submitted by veterinarians in New Zealand. All seven dogs had been given apomorphine by the veterinarian and vomited within 1 hour of ingesting the bait. Some or all of the bait particles were retrieved from each sample and were analysed for concentrations of BDF using HPLC. Based on estimations of the mass of bait consumed, the concentration of BDF stated on the product label, and the estimated mass of bait in the vomitus of each dog, the amount of BDF in the vomited bait was calculated as a percentage of the amount ingested.
RESULTS: For five dogs an estimation of the mass of bait ingested was provided by the submitting veterinarian. For these dogs the estimated percentage of BDF in the bait retrieved from the vomitus was between 10–77%. All dogs were well after discharge but only one dog returned for further testing. This dog had a normal prothrombin time 3 days after ingestion.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The induction of emesis within 1 hour of ingestion can be a useful tool in reducing the exposure of dogs to a toxic dose of BDF. The BDF was not fully absorbed within 1 hour of ingestion suggesting that the early induction of emesis can remove bait containing BDF before it can be fully absorbed. 相似文献
A comparison was made of 15 different techniques which are used in assessing soil microbial populations and/or biomasses. These include direct observations (fungal standing crop, fluorescein diacetate active mycelia, acridine orange stained bacteria), cultural methods (bacterial plate counts), physiological methods (total microbial, bacterial and fungal biomasses, O2-uptake), soil enzyme analyses (dehydrogenase, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, protease, amylase), and ATP-analyses. The various techniques were applied to six soils known to have different microbial characteristics. The results are discussed with respect to the convertability of counts and measurements into microbial biomasses, the variability of the techniques, the correlations within comparable groups of methods, and the practical limitations in application of individual methods to different soils. 相似文献
In order to characterise the term microbial ?activity”? three different microbial populations belonging to a luvisol (I), a phaeozem (II) and a rendzina (III) were used for studying kinetic parameters such as substrate affinity, growth rate, yield and turnover time and the metabolic quotient of basal respiration. Glucose was used as a carbon source. Specific growth rate values (μ) varied between 0.0037 and 0.015 h?1 depending on soil type and glucose concentration and were far below the potential μmax. The calculated turnover time was 3–11 days, respectively. The yield coefficient was in the range between 0.37 and 0.53. The maximal uptake rate of glucose–C of soil population (II) was 0.041 g C g?1 biomass-C h?1. The determined affinity constant (Km) was 57 μg C g?1 soil. The affinity to glucose was higher for the glucose-mediated CO2 evolution with Km values of 15.2 and 17.5 than for the glucose uptake system itself. The observed qCO2 values of the basal respiration at temperature increments from 0 to 45° C were almost identical for the soils (I) and (II). The calulated Q10 lay in the range between 1.4 and 2.0. 相似文献
A series of abortions occurred in mares in New South Wales during 2004 that involved similar and unusual findings on post mortem examination of aborted fetuses and fetal membranes. The term Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss (EAFL) was developed to describe the condition. This form of abortion had not been previously recognised in Australia. The pathology alone is not specific for EAFL and diagnosis requires demonstration of a combination of certain pathological and bacteriological features. The purpose of this paper is to describe patterns considered consistent with EAFL cases as a working case definition for use by veterinarians and veterinary pathologists in identifying future cases of EAFL. More detailed papers are in preparation to fully describe the epidemiological, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of EAFL. 相似文献
To assess the possibilities of the liberation of toxic aromatic amines under different conditions of disposal, the degradation of different14C-labelled polyurethane foams was investigated in the leachate of a refuse tip, in composted municipal waste and in an agricultural soil. With unlabelled foam cubes experiments were run under the environmental conditions of a refuse tip. The degradation of14C-labelled polyureas was studied in different agricultural soils. In the laboratory tests the criteria of degradation were the liberation of aromatic amines and the production of14CO2. The degradation in the refuse tip was estimated on the basis of weight loss. From the results it can be assumed that the polyether based polyurethane foams are largely resistant to microbial as well as chemical attack under all practical conditions of disposal. Polyester based polyurethane foams are susceptible to chemical hydrolysis favored by extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature and/or low or high pH values. Under these circumstances an accumulation of aromatic amines can occur if their further microbial degradation is impeded by the lack of suitable conditions for the growth of microorganisms. No indication of any degradation of the isocyanate based polyureas was found. 相似文献
Elevated phosphate concentrations at Safaga and Quseir, Red Sea, Egyptian coast, wererelated to some ecological and nutritional aspects of the macro-alga Cystoseira myrica during1985. The results obtained were compared with those recorded for a non-polluted control site atGhardaqa. Chemical analysis of surface seawater samples revealed that the concentrations of dissolvedphosphate at Safaga and Quseir were 3 and 20 times as much as that at Ghardaqa, respectively.The standing crop of C. myrica showed two peaks in spring and autumn. Maximum biomass yield(491 g m-2) and number of individuals (127 m-2) of C. myrica were recorded in the spring at theGhardaqa site. Quseir C. myrica samples contained significantly higher protein-N, total-N andtotal-P values but lower carbohydrate values than the Safaga and Ghardaqa samples (LSD at 1%level). Tissue N:P molar ratios for C. myrica, Laurencia papillosa and Ulva lactuca collected fromGhardaqa ranged from 68-98, compared to 30-59 for the same species collected at thephosphorus polluted sites at Safaga and Quseir. The carbon levels and the C:N ratios of C. myricaexhibited no significant variations in the three studied sites. However, the C:P ratios of Ghardaqaplants were significantly higher than those of Safaga and Quseir. 相似文献
A method is described for the rapid and objective estimation of the amount of carbon in the living, non-resting microbial biomass of soils. The method, which is based on the initial respiratory response of microbial populations to amendment with an excess of a carbon and energy source, was quantified using an expanded version of Jenkinson's technique.The simultaneous application of the two methods to 50 soil samples showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.96) between both. From this correlation it could be deduced that at 22°C, a substrate-induced maximal respiratory rate of 1 ml CO2· h?1 corresponds to c. 40 mg microbial biomass C. Evidence supporting these results was obtained from pure culture studies. The various soil types investigated were collected from agricultural as well as forest sites and they contained between 15 and 240 mg microbial C·100g dry soil?1. The respiratory method provides reproducible estimates of biomass size within 1–3 h after soil amendment. It can be combined without difficulty with a selective inhibition method for determination of bacterial and fungal contributions to soil metabolism. 相似文献