Antimicrobial screening of Mentha piperita essential oils

Essential oils of peppermint Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae), which are used in flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals, were investigated for their antimicrobial properties against 21 human and plant pathogenic microorganisms. The bioactivity of the oils menthol and menthone was compared using the combination of in vitro techniques such as microdilution, agar diffusion, and bioautography. It was shown that all of the peppermint oils screened strongly inhibited plant pathogenic microorganisms, whereas human pathogens were only moderately inhibited. Chemical compositions of the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Using the bioautography assay, menthol was found to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of these oils.     

中早熟甜椒新品种中椒11号的选育

Sweet pepper; Zhongjiao No.11; F1 hybrid.; 【摘要】 中椒11号为中早熟甜椒一代杂种。其母本91-126是利用国内甜、辣椒及国外的甜椒为材料，经杂交、回交、添加杂交和单株选择转育而成的抗病、优质甜椒高代自交系，父本92-2-3为早熟、结果率高、配合力强的甜椒高代自交系。中椒11号熟性中早，定植至采收40d(天)左右，产量3000～5000kg·(667m2)-1，抗逆性强，抗TMV、中抗CMV，耐湿热；适于华南南菜北运基地冬季种植或北方早春保护地及露地早熟栽培；果实长灯笼形，果色绿，肉厚，味甜，商品率高，耐贮运。已在广东、海南、山东、北京等地种植，推广面积达1500hm2。     

昆明小鼠和ICR小鼠的遗传特征分析

为探究封闭群实验动物的遗传质量评价方法,利用脏器指数和微卫星检测对辽宁省两单位的昆明小鼠和ICR小鼠进行了遗传分析。选取小鼠不同染色体上10个多态信息丰富的微卫星位点,以PCR-PAGE技术进行多态性分析,常规方法测定脏器指数。结果表明：两单位KM小鼠和ICR小鼠的体重和部分脏器指数差异显著或极显著（P＞0.01或P＞0.05）,10个位点的等位基因数、基因型数、杂合度和多态性信息含量都较接近,A单位的KM小鼠的遗传多样性略高于B单位,B单位的ICR小鼠的遗传多样性略高于A单位,两品系在两单位间的遗传距离相近存在微弱的遗传分化。     

在灰潮土-芹菜系统中包膜尿素和尿素氮的利用和去向

通过盆栽试验研究了包膜尿素(自制)和尿素等肥料在灰潮土中对芹菜生长、氮吸收、产量和品质等的影响。结果表明：在2种质地的灰潮土中施包膜尿素较尿素使芹菜增产11．5％～15．2％,N吸收增加5．9％～9．5％,土壤氨挥发损失N减少12．2％～14．4％,淋失和反硝化N损失减少25．5％～28．3％,N素利用率提高20．1％～27．9％,土壤持留N量占施氮量的32．0％～37．3％;芹菜产品中NO3^--N含量降低44．2％～60．3％,维生素C含量显著提高,品质明显得到改善。     

山南地区沿江干旱成因分析

西藏山南地区作物种植区主要分布在沿江一线,占全地区总耕地面积的70％以上,多为干旱、半干旱地。本文根据历年气象资料,对干旱时空分布、干旱成因以及对农牧业生产的影响进行分析。     

Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.     

汽车零部件的对数正态模糊可靠度设计

从强度安全性的角度出发,综合运用了概率密度函数联合积分法与功能密度函数积分法,整理并推导了汽车零部件的对数正态模糊可靠度计算公式,即应力、强度都为对数正态分布,隶属度函数为k次抛物线分布时的模糊可靠度计算公式;通过VB编程实现数值解的计算,根据输入的原始数据、原函数与积分区间的特点进行积分变换,然后利用中点公式积分法与龙贝格求积法进行积分计算。本程序可直接应用于设计计算中,以提高汽车零部件的设计水平。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel charring agent and its application in intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system

A novel charring agent poly(pentaerythritol spirocyclic phosphorusoxy spirocyclic diethanolamine borate) (PPSPSDB) was synthesized successfully with diethanolamine borate (DEAB) and spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride (SPDPC), which was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endow linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with flame retardance. The structure of PPSPSDB was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The study of thermal stability of various LLDPE composites showed that PPSPSDB/APP system could effectively improve the thermal degradation and thermal-oxidative stability of the char residues, and PE3 containing 30 wt% APP/ PPSPSDB with a 2 weight ratio left the highest amount of char residue at 800 oC. The results of flammability revealed that PE3 had the best combination property; the limited oxygen index value was 29.6, and vertical burning reached UL-94 V-0 rating, and the tensile strength and notched impact strength were 11.853 MPa and 28.8 kJ/m2 respectively. The investigation of structure and morphology of char residue indicated that the compact foaming char layer, as a good barrier against the transmission of heat and volatiles, was formed for PE3 during combustion.     

Synthesis and phytotoxicity of new ionic liquids incorporating chiral cations and/or chiral anions

The aim of this work was to synthesize chiral ionic liquids as chiral solvents for organic synthesis and to evaluate the phyto(eco)toxicity of the new products and starting N-alkylimidazoles and their potential environmental influence on soil and plants. Chiral ionic liquids containing anions such as Cl-, Br-, TsO-, PF6(-), NO3(-), CF3SO3(-), and (+)- and (-)-C6H5CH(OH)C(O)O- were synthesized using (-)-(1R)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-ethyl [(-)-(1R)-nopyl] halides (X = Cl, Br) and tosylate in 62-100% yields. The chloride 7 and the nitrate 13 ionic liquids possessed a toxicity dependent on the applied concentration. The lowest concentration causing a distinct reduction in plant germination/growth was 100 mg/kg. Spring barley better tolerated the ionic liquids (200 mg/kg) than common radish (100 mg/kg). The nitrate liquid did not exhibit an inhibiting effect on the germination ability of seeds. The starting N-methylimidazole used in lower concentrations (1 and 10 mg/kg of soil dry weight) was not phytotoxic, in contrast to higher doses (>1000 mg/kg).     

草原黄鼠染色体研究

我们采用骨髓细胞直接制备染色体的方法，对草原黄鼠（Ｃｉｔｅｌｌｕｓｄａｕｒｉｃｕｓｐａｌｌａｓ）的染色体进行研究发现，草原黄鼠二倍体体细胞的染色体数除有国内外报道的２ｎ＝３６的个体外；还有２ｎ＝３７的个体；２ｎ＝３８的个体，２ｎ＝３７的个体１条不能配对染色体单体，其形态特殊，按其大小位于在第１３对和第１４对之间；２ｎ＝３８的个体，依据染色体的形态和大小确认为第１０对和第１３对为三体。另外还发现在草原黄鼠１７对染色体的短臂上有髓体清晰可见，而两条染色体上面体大小略有差异，我们的分析研究初步认为草原黄鼠染色体数目和形态的异常是环境诱变所致。