山洪对房屋的破坏及防患

山洪对房屋的破坏随着生态环境的恶化而加剧,其损失又随人民生活水平的提高而增加。防患房屋遭受山洪破坏刻不容缓。本文客观地总结了山洪破坏房屋具有的区域性、多样性、毁灭性特征,通过分析房屋遭受山洪破坏的沉痼陋习,初步揭示了山洪惩罚人为性大失误的沉痛教训,进而提出防患山洪破坏房屋要非工程措施与工程措施相结合,运用社会、经济、法律的手段,加以减灾引导,加强建房管理,采取开撇水沟、挖水平槽、刨鱼鳞坑、砌护坡墙、打挡水桩等直接有效的工程措施,加速隐患补救,实现减灾目的。     

黔西县农村水电发展存在的问题和对策

建国以来,黔西县小水电建设在省、地主管部门的关心支持和当地党委、政府的正确领导下,经过多年努力取得了一定成绩。但近年来由于种种原因,小水电建设未能继续向前发展,致使全县水能开发利用率极为低下。当前,农村小水电正面临着前所未有的大好发展机遇,分析全县农村小水电建设管理工作中存在的问题及其原因,研究相应的对策,对农村小水电的发展具有重要意义。     

增加投入实现引黄灌溉良性发展

引黄灌溉经济效益显著,但是灌区管理单位的财务收益却入不敷出。根据经济效益分析与水费收交情况,作者认为应加强水费回收,多方面集资以及深化水费改革等,以利于灌溉事业的良性发展。     

保雨灌溉技术的研究与推广

保雨灌溉技术的核心是向天空要水,与蒸发夺水,充分利用自然降水和土壤水分,满足作物需要。在作物需水不足时,提取地下水补充灌溉。三年试验结果表明,保雨灌溉比常规井灌年均节水2091mm/hm~2,增产粮食2020kg/hm~2,促进了优质高效农业的发展。     

灌区评估指标的选取及灰关联分析

该文探讨了灌区评估指标体系的建立方法,对评估指标的选取与预处理进行了系统分析,并尝试应用灰色系统理论中的灰关联度分析法,对灌区评估指标进行关联分析,从而很方便地进行灌区之间的评估、排队及比较,与传统的强制打分法相比,此法简便易行,无需预先建立评判标准,因此是一种新的评估分析法。     

建立水利发展基金 促进农田水利建设

通过对晋城市郊区和高平县建立水利发展基金和建农基金制度的调查,向人们展示了一个以自我积累为主,国家扶持为辅的增加水利投入的新机制。他们的主要经验是:领导重视,大胆探索,做出建立基金制度的科学决策;因地制宜拓宽基金来源渠道,合理确定基金提取比例;层层建立组织机构,制定严格的管理制度;明确使用范围,充分发挥基金效益。     

Non-specific immunity parameters and the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fed high levels of dietary carbohydrates

The effects of long-term hyperglycaemia (5 months), through feeding high levels of dietary carbohydrates, on the non-specific immunity parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was assessed. Fish were fed one of three diets composed of a basal diet containing ≈ 14% digestible carbohydrate which was progressively diluted with gelatinized potato starch in the following ratios of basal diet to supplemental carbohydrate (gelatinized potato starch): 65:00, 65:20, 65:35. The three diets were pair-fed based on the feed intake of the fish fed the diet containing the highest level of starch (65:35) and representing 100% intake. The other diets were then fed at different levels in a manner that allowed all the groups of fish in the same block to receive the same amount of the basal diet [e.g. the basal diet (undiluted, 65:00) was fed at 65% of the dietary intake of the 65:35 diet]. Blood glucose concentrations and relative liver-to-body size increased with increased dietary carbohydrate intake. Feeding supplemental carbohydrates resulted in a small increase in weight gain of the fish at both supplemental levels. Pronephros tissue lysozyme activity and pronephros macrophage superoxide production were not affected by the dietary treatments. The results suggest the presence of advanced glycosylation end-products in muscle tissue collagen, but were not significantly different between treatments. No substantial effect of long-term feeding of a high carbohydrate diet on the non-specific immunity of rainbow trout was observed. However, the results suggest that dietary carbohydrates may have a slight stimulatory effect on phagocytosis at low–moderate levels.     

黑龙江省全面推进农业信息工作

黑龙江省十分重视农业信息工作,省委书记徐有芳、省长宋法棠多次指示要加强农业信息化建设,加快农业信息化进程,并决定从推进农业信息网络化建设入手,把农业信息网络延伸到乡镇和村,靠信息引导农民调整结构,发展经济.     

黄河三角洲不同土地利用方式对土壤的改良效应

通过对黄河三角洲地区棉田、果园、林地和荒地4种不同土地利用方式下土壤样品的采集与理化指标的分析,研究了该区域不同土地利用方式对轻度盐渍化土壤的改良功能。结果显示:果园土壤的容重、pH值和全盐含量等物理性状要优于其它3种用地方式;棉田土壤有机质与全N、全P和全K含量超过果园与林地土壤,而速效N和速效P含量以果园土壤最高,速效K含量以棉田最高,果园土壤最低;果园土壤C/N比值明显高于其它3种用地方式,以荒地土壤的C/N比值最低。综合分析认为:种植果树对土壤的物理性状改良效果较好,种植棉花对土壤的化学性状具有较好的改良效果。