Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

土壤中根皮苷和根皮素对桃幼苗的影响

以一年生桃嫁接苗为试材,在盆栽条件下研究了苹果园土壤中特征酚酸类物质——根皮苷和根皮素对桃苗生物量、根系活力、根系保护性酶活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明,根皮苷对桃幼苗的伤害显著,与对照相比,鲜质量、干质量分别降低了16.66%和21.58%,根系活力降低了33.04%,SOD、POD活性分别降低了40.80%和31.10%,MDA含量提高了116.34%。根皮素对桃苗的影响不大。高锰酸钾处理明显缓解了根皮苷对桃苗的伤害,苹果园土壤中的根皮苷含量降低了57.80%,提高了桃苗的生物量、根系活力和保护性酶活性,降低了MDA含量。综上,老龄苹果园土壤实测含量的根皮苷(0.343mg·kg~(-1))可降低桃苗的生物量,适量的高锰酸钾能缓解根皮苷的伤害作用。     

中国农田土壤有机碳变化:II土壤固碳潜力估算

中国作为世界上一个重要的农业大国,提高中国农田土壤碳收集能力对减缓全球温室效应具有重要影响.在前人研究的基础上,利用中国第一次和第二次土壤普查数据,结合大量前人调研资料和田间试验数据整理分析,根据近20年来中国各省(市、区)农田土壤有机碳量变化趋势,估算了农田土壤碳源、汇潜力.由估算得出,假设在20世纪80年代土地利用方式、耕作措施、施肥水平和气候条件不变的情况下,中国农田土壤固碳潜力约为668 Tg C,即表明假设条件下,中国农田土壤要吸收668 Tg C才能达到一种相对稳定的平衡状态,也说明80年代后期中国农田土壤为碳汇效应.本研究对认识和评价中国农田土壤碳汇能力及其农田土壤固碳潜力提供了方法和依据.     

Mapping and validation of the quantitative trait loci for leaf stay‐green‐associated parameters in maize

Functional stay‐green is generally regarded as a desirable trait of varieties in major crops including maize. In this study, we used an F_3:4 recombinant inbred line population with 165 lines from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Zheng58) and a model inbred line (B73) using 211 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to map quantitative trait loci for three stay‐green‐associated parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and stay‐green area, at maturity stage, detected a total of 23 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine chromosomes. Single QTL explained 3.7–13.5% of the phenotypic variance. Additionally, we validated some important stay‐green QTL using a heterogeneous inbred family approach and found that the stay‐green‐associated parameters were significantly correlated with the plant yield. This study may contribute to a better insight into the regulatory mechanism behind leaf stay‐green in maize and a novel development of elite maize varieties with delayed leaf senescence through molecular marker‐assisted selection.     

Generation of a uniform thymic malignant lymphoma model with C57BL/6J p53 gene deficient mice

Lymphoma is the third most common cancer diagnosed in children, and T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis based on clinical observations. To date, a lymphoma model with uniform penetrance has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a p53 deficient mouse model by targeting embryonic stem cells derived from a C57BL/6J mouse strain. Homozygous p53 deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of spontaneous tumorigenesis, with a high spontaneous occurrence rate (93.3%) of malignant lymphoma. Because tumor models with high phenotypic consistency are currently needed, we generated a lymphoma model by a single intraperitoneal injection of 37.5 or 75 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to p53 deficient mice. Lymphoma and retinal degeneration occurred in 100% of p53^+/− mice administered with higher concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a much greater response than those of previously reported models. The main anatomic sites of lymphoma were the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Both induced and spontaneous lymphomas in the thymus and spleen stained positive for CD3 antigen, and flow cytometry detected positive CD4 and/or CD8 cells. Based on our observations and previous data, we hypothesize that mice with a B6 background are prone to lymphomagenesis.     

土-桩-结构系统运动方程的求解方法

土－结构动力相互作用分析的子结构法中，土－结构系统运动方程的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵与频率相关。工程中通常采用系统的基本频率来计算地基的动力阻抗以简化运动方程的求解。对于土－桩－结构系统，本文提出一种时域中的精确解法来考察这种近似解法的有效性。     

地基—筒体结构的地震反应分析

采用子结构法对地基－高层筒体结构进行地震反应分析，地基阻抗采用拟合数值结果得到的近似公式，上部结构采用有限条法计算结构侧向刚度矩阵，综合考虑基础与结构的动力平衡条件导出地基－结构耦合系统的运动方程，文中对一栋２１层筒中筒结构进行了地震反应分析，讨论了不同场地，不同地震输入以及基础埋深等因素对结构地震反应的影响。     

“近自然林业”理念在森林公园经营中的应用

随着森林旅游越来越受到人们的重视,森林公园的开发建设也不断加快。本文通过阐述“近自然林业”的含义、经营方法和“近自然林业”森林经营理念,并对森林公园经营中存在的几个问题提出可实施的措施。     

诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的新方法

本文探讨利用瑞氏染色法和旦尼氏染色法诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的可能性。试验结果表明,用此方法,在病株枝条或主根的横切面上,韧皮部的病原寄生部位被染成兰色或青色,呈阳性反应,健株组织切片的韧皮部则不着色,呈阴性反应。可作为桑黄化型萎缩病病株的实验诊断手段。     

用组织培养法保存、增殖桑黄化型萎缩病病原的研究

取岛桑（ＭｏｒｕｓａｃｉｄｏｓａＧｒｉｆｆ）苗茎尖进行组培脱毒，昆虫介体接种病原，继代培养，获得无休眠期的标准桑黄化型萎缩病株和病原类菌原体驯化株。通过对ＭＳ培养基成分的调节，可以批量繁殖病株和类菌原体。