不同辣椒种质对象耳豆根结线虫的抗性评价

近年来象耳豆根结线虫的危害日益严重.为筛选抗象耳豆根结线虫的辣椒种质,本试验利用种属特异性引物对根结线虫病原物开展分子鉴定,确定为象耳豆根结线虫.接着采用室内人工接种法,对10份一年生辣椒种质和10份中国辣椒种质进行象耳豆根结线虫抗性鉴定,计算根结指数和卵粒指数,并通过比较隶属函数,发现其中3份辣椒种质对象耳豆根结线虫表现为高抗,抗病性最强的是L518M和L525-1M,L42M次之;10份表现为中抗;7份表现为感病,抗病能力最弱的是L69-1M;未发现免疫品种.本研究发现中国辣椒种质的抗病性整体高于一年生辣椒,是重要的抗病种质来源,可用于象耳豆根结线虫抗病育种和后续抗病机理的研究.     

数字图书馆用户自获取信息服务模式的发展与演变

文章分析了数字图书馆用户自获取信息服务的形成条件与优势,指出用户自获取信息服务需求对数字图书馆工作的影响,研究了数字图书馆用户自获取信息服务模式的发展与演变,最后探索了数字图书馆用户自获取信息服务的常见模式。     

Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.     

山东小麦玉米机械化种植模式

通过调研山东75家新型农业经营组织生产情况，分析规模生产条件下山东小麦玉米种植规格、各环节作业方式和机械配备等生产现状与存在问题，提出了一种适合规模化生产的小麦玉米机械化种植模式，并对各环节作业提出了技术要求。      

豚草粗提物对杨树水泡型溃疡病的抑菌作用研究

为解决豚草提取物在林业病虫害防治中的推广与应用问题,以豚草叶片为试验材料,采用温浸-超声波联合提取法提取抑菌活性物质,并开展其对杨树水泡型溃疡病病原菌的室内外抑菌试验。室内抑菌试验表明,粗提物浓度为16 mg/mL时,抑菌率达到73.62%;林间防治试验表明,最小抑菌浓度为 40 mg/mL,抑菌率达到95.14%。通过以上抑菌试验确定豚草粗提物对杨树水泡型溃疡病有较好的抑制效果。     

交沙霉素等四种药物对雏鸡隐孢子虫病的预防效果

对经口感染(4.0×10~5个/鸡)贝氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium baileyi)卵囊的雏鸡在其饲料中分别添加交沙霉素(4.0g/kg)、复方新诺明(4.9g/kg)、大蒜素(400mgkg/)、甲硝唑(2.0g/ks),任鸡自由采食,连用7d.结果表明,实验鸡潜隐期延长,粪中卵囊数显著降低,体重明显增加,血液学值及血清酶学指标与健康对照鸡无明显差异.由此证明,这4种药物对实验性雏鸡隐孢子虫病有不同程度的预防作用.     

建筑物的机械排烟

本文作者从实际经验出发,详细阐述了建筑物的机械排烟原理及设计施工,管理中的各项注意事项。     

欧盟共同农业政策面临的挑战及最新改革措施

共同农业政策作为联系欧盟成员国农业的纽带,在经历2003年的改革后,虽然在价格补贴、农村发展等方面取得一定的成效,但仍然面临财政负担、食品安全、新成员国加入等来自内外部的挑战和压力.为应对这些挑战和压力,欧盟进行了降低政策价格、微调配额等一系列的最新改革.     

农业信息：传统与现代的耦合

近年来，国家投资建设大量信息基础设施，以保证农业信息能更好的被农户采用。而现实中，农户并不通过网络、电视和报刊等现代信息手段获得农业信息，相反，基于地缘和血缘的熟人网络和以盈利为目的的商人成了农业信息传播的主要媒介。在这种传播方式下，农户的利益常遭侵害，农业科技难以广泛有效的传播，甚至一些假信息让农户失去了对“科技”的信赖。针对目前存在的种种问题，笔者兼顾现实与未来，提出了相关对策。