Seasonal growth and diet of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in demonstration channels and the main channel of the Waitaki River, New Zealand, 1982–1983

Abstract– Juvenile chinook salmon in the Waitaki River, New Zealand and demonstration channels, living at about 16°C, increased in length by 0.32 mm day⁻¹ between 4 November and 4 March. They gained weight quickly, accumulated large visceral fat deposits and had high conditions factors. At 1600 h, stomachs averaged half full. The number of prey tended to decline as the fish grew and consumed larger items. Initially the diet was based mainly on chironomid larvae, but by December it included a diversity of prey in more equal proportions. These included Deleatidium in the Waitaki; amphipods in the demonstration channels; various trichopterans, hemipterans, elmid beetles, zooplankton. terrestrial dipterans and a variety of other prey. There were significant differences between sites in numbers of prey consumed and these probably reflected differences in the benthos. Diets in the Waitaki differ from those in the Rakaia River and the food of juvenile salmon appears closely linked to the availability of a diverse range of possible prey.     

江苏毛竹林生产力类型区的划分及分析

根据毛竹生产力和环境指标将江苏省毛竹林区划分出高生产力、中生产力、一般生产力和低生产力类型区,并分析了各类型区的主要特点。同时,提出了各类型区的经营发展方向。     

Serum 5'nucleotidase activity in rats: a method for automated analysis and criteria for interpretation

A manual kit for determining serum 5'nucleotidase (5'NT, EC 3.1.3.5) activity was adapted for use with rat samples on a large discrete clinical chemistry analyzer. The precision of the method was good (within-run C.V. = 2.14%; between-run C.V. = 5.5%). A comparison of the new automated method with a manual and semi-automated method gave regression statistics of y = 1.18X -3.66 (Sy. x = 4.54), and y = 0.733X + 1.97 (Sy. x = 1.69), respectively. Temperature conversion factors provided by the kit manufacturer for human samples were determined to be inaccurate for converting results from rat samples. Analysis of components contributing to normal variation in rat serum 5'NT activity showed age and sex to be major factors. Increased serum 5'NT activity was observed in female rats when compared to male rats beginning at about 5 to 6 weeks of age. An analysis of variance of serum 5'NT, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities observed over a 9-week period in normal rats suggests several advantages for 5'NT as a predictor of biliary lesions in rats.     

微卫星DNA在动物亲子鉴定中的应用及研究进展

本文概述了微卫星DNA进行亲子鉴定的基本原理与方法,将其用于亲子鉴定的优点以及研究进展,最后对未来的应用进行了展望。     

Progress in Research of Chinese Wetland Parks

There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.     

饲料中添加不同形式叶黄素对杂交鲶体色的影响

通过在饲料中添加4种不同形式叶黄素考察其对杂交鲶(Silurus meridionalisChen×Silurus asotusLinnaeus)体色的影响。实验共分5个处理组,分别为基础饲料组(对照组)、添加普通叶黄素(以黄体素为主)200 mg/kg组、转化叶黄素(以玉米黄质为主)200 mg/kg组、包被普通叶黄素100 mg/kg组、包被转化叶黄素100 mg/kg组。以上述5种饲料分别饲喂平均体重为61 g的杂交鲶20 d。结果表明,各组生长指标无显著差异;各叶黄素添加组鱼体背部皮肤、腹部皮肤黄度值及皮肤、肌肉叶黄素含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),普通叶黄素组背部皮肤、腹部皮肤叶黄素含量较转化叶黄素组显著提高20.3%、11.3%(P<0.05);添加100 mg/kg包被普通叶黄素对杂交鲶的着色效果与200 mg/kg普通叶黄素几乎相当;添加100 mg/kg包被转化叶黄素对杂交鲶的着色效果不及200 mg/kg转化叶黄素。上述研究表明,普通叶黄素对杂交鲶的着色效果优于转化叶黄素;普通叶黄素经包被处理后,在饲料中的添加量降低50%便能达到相同的着色效果。     

大豆抗原蛋白对草鱼肌肉营养成分的影响

以健康的初始体质量(50.66±0.26)g草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为试验对象,在室内[(19±3)℃]单循环控温养殖系统中进行6周饲养试验,以鱼粉为对照组,β-伴大豆球蛋白的添加量为40 mg/g,大豆球蛋白的添加量为60 mg/g,配制成3种等氮(粗蛋白质量分数为30%)、等能(15.6 MJ/kg)的半精制饲料,探讨大豆主要抗原蛋白对草鱼肌肉主要营养成分的影响。结果表明:大豆主要抗原蛋白使草鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量极显著下降(P0.01),对肌肉中水分、粗脂肪、粗灰分、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量影响不显著(P0.05)。可见,在本试验条件下,草鱼配合饲料蛋白水平为30%时,在其配合饲料中分别添加β-伴大豆球蛋白(40 mg/g)和大豆球蛋白(60 mg/g)显著影响了草鱼肌肉中粗蛋白的含量。     

氮肥运筹对玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响（英文）

[目的]探讨氮肥运筹对雨养条件下玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响,以期为雨养条件下玉米单产进一步突破提供理论依据与技术支撑。[方法]选择先玉335作为试验材料,设置两个播种密度（8.5万株/hm2和9.5万株/hm2）。化肥施用总量一定,磷钾肥作为底肥施入,氮肥按不同比例分期施用,以尿素作为追肥肥料,在拔节期和吐丝期施入。分别于拔节期、吐丝期、吐丝后15 d、吐丝后30d、吐丝后45 d、吐丝后60 d测量叶、茎、鞘、苞叶、籽粒、穗轴、雄穗和花丝的氮含量。[结果]氮素积累量在吐丝后45 d前后达到最大;高密度有利于氮量积累;植株总氮量与产量呈正相关,高密度下相关系数大;高密度下籽粒氮含量和氮收获指数均与产量呈显著正相关性;吐丝期氮肥比例相对高有利于叶片和穗部（籽粒＋苞叶＋穗轴）氮素在生育后期的积累及茎鞘氮素的转运,前期氮肥比例大易造成穗部氮代谢延后。氮素吸收高峰在吐丝到吐丝后15 d;吐丝期氮肥比例高的施肥方式提高了生育后期的氮素吸收速率,在较高密度下吸收速率前移。[结论]氮肥施用比例适当后移,对氮肥利用有利;前期氮素累积太多对后期氮素吸收利用有抑制作用。     

Spatiotemporal Changes in Soil Nutrients:A Case Study in Taihu Region of China

The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium content （AK） from the first soil survey （in the 1980s） to the second soil survey （in the 2000s） in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s （except for AK in the yellow brown soil）. The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased （except for TN in the paddy soil）. Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% （except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s）, indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.     

甘蓝型油菜叶色黄化突变体Bn.el1研究

对一个单倍体×二倍体来源的甘蓝型油菜叶色黄化突变体Bn.el1的光合色素质量浓度、农艺性状、叶色遗传和无机营养元素对叶色的影响进行了鉴定.结果表明:该叶色黄化突变体从苗期到蕾苔期表现新叶黄化,为总叶绿素缺乏型黄化突变体,其经济性状较野生型对照变差,叶色黄化性状受1对隐性核基因控制,叶色黄化性状的产生很可能与铁元素的吸收、转运或利用效率降低有关.