隐耳漠虎（Alsophylax pipiens）的生物学资料

本文根据１９８６年４～８月在乌鲁木齐雅玛里克山（９０余号）及校园内捕获的（１８只）Ａｌｓｏｐｈｙｌａｘｐｉｐｉｅｎｓ，观察得知其产卵在５～６月，每次产卵一枚，卵壳系钙质，性成熟在出生后第三年。瞳孔圆形，强光下呈垂直线状。动食性，卞要以昆虫、蜘蛛及蝎子为食。     

Approaches for Preventing the Male Sterllity Fluctuation of Photo-thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines in Rice

The male sterility fluctuation of photo-thermo-sensitive genic ma1e sterile〔P(T) GMS〕lines induced by low air temperature is a key problem troubling the application of two-line system hybrid rice. The paper suggests to solve this problem by the breeding approeches, i.e, developing low sterile critical temperature P(T)GMS lines, herbicie resistant restorer lines, herbicide sensitive P(T)GMS lines and tetracycline-conditioned P(T)GMS lines to ensure the hybrid purity; and by the hybrid seed production techniques, i.e, taking the correct procedure of foundation seed production, the suitable district and season for hybrid seed production and the deep irrigation method against cold weather in high summer.     

以白菜为例的转基因植物环境安全性评价研究

以转除草剂抗性基因的白菜为例,通过对具体事实的展现和分析,介绍了关于转基因植物环境安全性评价的方法,以及目前国际上关于转基因作物的一些比较一致的结论。针对我国的农业生态环境,结合试验结果,讨论了获得的转基因白菜的环境安全性。     

特种脱水蔬菜研究进展

综述了国内外特种脱水蔬菜的生产状况和趋势，特种脱水蔬菜的加工技术，特种脱水蔬菜生产成果及展望。     

红阳猕猴桃全红芽变系的RAPD分析

 以10 bp 的随机引物, 通过PCR 技术对猕猴桃全红芽变系86-3 及对照品种红阳的基因组DNA进行扩增, 以探讨芽变系遗传物质的变化。以86-3 母株与红阳为材料对300 条单引物进行了筛选, 得到在两个样品间的扩增有多态性片段10 条引物( S107、S84、S157、S27、S188、AY17、AY5、R11、AV9、AM11) 。10 条引物共扩增出148 个片段, 多态性片段为20 个, 占13.5 %。两样品间相似系数为0.7619 , 遗传距离为0.1429 , 表明86-3 果肉颜色的变化与遗传物质的改变密切相关。用4 种引物S107、S84、S157、AY17 分别对芽变系单株及对照进行RAPD 扩增, 不同树龄、不同砧木的芽变单株与对照间的特异性片段同引物筛选中所得结果一致, 可用所得引物对全红芽变系嫁接株的果肉颜色进行早期预测。     

TeMV与PWV侵染对西番莲代谢生理及组织微结构的影响

以西番莲品种‘台农1号’为实验材料,通过电镜扫描技术比较观测TeMV和PWV侵染与健康西番莲的叶片、幼嫩果实外果皮组织形态结构,分析测定其叶片生理生化变化,研究西番莲病毒侵染对西番莲叶片和幼嫩果实外果皮组织结构和生理生化的影响。结果表明：TeMV与PWV侵染后,西番莲植株叶片的海绵组织细胞间隙缩小,发生成团堆积状排列,栅栏组织细胞萎缩,呈不规则长条形;幼嫩果实外表皮组织中石细胞层发生严重断裂,排列松散,海绵层细胞变得松散,且发生较严重的木质化现象;叶片与幼嫩果实外表皮表面纹理粗糙、褶皱,气孔保卫细胞萎缩,气孔周围组织皱缩、粗燥;感病果实外果皮表面上的腺毛凸起无序。病毒侵染后,感病植株第1～3叶的蔗糖含量较第4～6叶的高23.11%;健康叶片则相对平衡,降低了淀粉积累、PG酶、纤维素酶与PPO酶活性,提高了感病植株第1～3叶的α-淀粉酶、GS酶与POD酶活性。西番莲受TeMV与PWV侵染后,植株叶片第1～6叶营养物质分配不平衡,相关物质的合成分解与抗氧化防御酶系统受伤害,叶片与果实组织形态结构受到不同程度的损坏,植株正常吸收功能遭到破坏。     

Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield

The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80_NF + 80_CAN; 80_CAN + 80_CAN; 80_AN + 80_AN; 80_NF + 50_CAN + 30_CN; 80_CAN + 50_CAN +30_CN; 80_AN + 50_AN + 30_CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha^?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha^?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha^?1) was collected from 80_AN + 80_AN and 80_CAN + 80_CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m^?2 day^?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m^?2 day^?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80_AN + 80_AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m^?2 day^?1), which lasted 15 days.     

Screening of danofloxacin residue in bovine tissue by terbium-sensitized luminescence on c18 sorbent strips

Danofloxacin (DANO) residue in bovine muscle was screened at 200 ng/g by terbium-sensitized luminescence (TSL) directly measured on 10 × 6 mm C18 sorbent strips. The analyte was first adsorbed on sorbent surface by immersion in defatted homogenates. After reagent application and desiccation, TSL was directly measured on sorbent surfaces at λ(ex) = 273 nm and λ(em) = 546 nm. The luminescence intensity was linearly dependent on DANO concentration in the 0-1000 ng/g range (R(2) = 0.9967). A threshold was established at x(200) - 3σ(200), where x(200) and σ(200) are the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the DANO signals at 200 ng/g. Among 48 blind samples randomly fortified at 0-1000 ng/g, 45 were screened correctly and 3 negative samples were presumed positive. This simple screening protocol has the potential to significantly reduce sample numbers and hence improve sample throughput and save assay costs.     

利用SSR快速鉴别花生杂交F1真伪

本研究,我们以6个花生品种为亲本配置杂交组合,田间调查发现亲本间形态表型差异大的杂交F1容易鉴别真伪,而形态表型差异小的则难于鉴别,甚至无法鉴别。为此,我们通过改良Thomson一步法制备DNA模板,建立了一套花生SSR-PCR快速检测体系,并在此基础上利用SSR鉴别花生杂交F1真伪。结果表明,采用Thomson一步法和改良后的一步法提取的DNA模版均能扩展出清晰条带,但改良后制备的DNA模板在4℃下可保存约1个月,未改良的仅能保存一天。利用SSR检测上述群体表明,F1真杂种率为38%～56%,不同亲本间杂交成功率存在差异,同一亲本正反交成功率也存在一定差异。可见,SSR标记用于杂种真伪鉴定具有一定的应用潜力。     

小区育种播种装备与技术研究现状与展望

小区育种播种机是培育新品种、繁殖良种和对比品种等田间试验所用的专用播种机。本文简述了我国小区育种业发展现状与小区育种机械化发展水平,综述了小区育种播种技术及装备的研发历程,从小区育种的播种特点出发,结合不同作物品种和不同播种农艺要求,阐述现有条播、精播模式下小区育种的播种核心技术和工作原理,归纳了小区育种条播排种和精密排种装备的主要结构形式和作业模式,阐述了国内外供种、排种、开沟、覆土、镇压等装置,以及自动控制、小区定位模式、实时监测与记录等方面的实际应用及前沿先进技术研究进展,分析目前国内外小区育种播种机械的研发现状,列举我国小区育种播种技术及装备有代表性的研发成果,从播种技术优化创新完善、机械加工质量提升、高新技术融合和服务模式创新等方面,结合我国国情提出了我国小区育种播种机械化研究方向。