Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

蜗壳式离心泵外特性仿真与实验研究

为探索不同仿真方法的适用性,对ns=157的单级蜗壳离心泵不同工况的扬程和效率进行定常和非定常计算,并分别分析了定常计算时不同叶片夹角及非定常计算时不同时间步长的影响,通过与实验对比,得到的主要结论有:定常计算仅适用于额定工况外特性仿真,其扬程和效率计算误差分别为4.9%和2.9%,而定常多相位的计算误差分别为7.1%和3.2%;非定常仿真计算时,以4°为时间步长,并间隔20°保存一次计算数据,较好地预测出扬程曲线走势,额定工况扬程和效率计算误差约1.1%和1.8%,但小流量和大流量区间扬程计算误差达到10%左右。因此在水力优化设计时,若只关注高效点位置及其扬程和效率,可采用定常计算,若还关注扬程曲线走势,则应采用非定常计算。     

GA4+7+氯吡脲对重瓣百合'Thalita'生长的影响

以重瓣百合'Thalita'为试材,采用4个不同浓度(10、20、40、80 mg·L-1)的GA4+7+氯吡脲(1∶1),对其进行叶面喷施处理,以清水为对照,测定其株高、茎粗、叶面积等指标,探讨GA4+7+氯吡脲对重瓣百合'Thalita'生长的影响,以期为其推广提供参考.结果 表明:20 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲对'Thalita'花苞直径和叶面积促进作用最大,分别比对照高14.18％和55.13％,均达显著差异;茎粗随着GA4+7+氯吡脲的浓度升高表现出一定抑制作用;20 mg·L-1GA4+7+氯吡脲在花苞开放率和花期上综合效果最好;80 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲对'Thalita'株高促进效果最好,比对照高2.67％;所有处理组种球鲜质量和根长均比对照低,其中20 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲效果最为明显,分别比对照低36.77％和48.18％,均达显著差异.综合比较来看,20 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲对重瓣百合'Thalita'生长影响最大,效果更佳.     

大数据环境下的数字图书馆多元转型策略研究

大数据环境的变化,不仅改变了用户的信息行为,也使得数字图书馆服务朝着越加个性化、知识化、多元化的角度不断发展,由此带动了数字图书馆资源特征与服务特征的适应性的变化,促使数字图书馆朝着创新服务模式、融合服务元素、拓展服务功能、知识化建设、精确化服务等角度的转型发展,也包括数字图书馆自身对于服务力量的不断强化和服务展现形式的多元化等方面的转型发展,推动数字图书馆不断改变原有的服务范式而朝着更加个性化、知识化和技术化的角度不断发展。     

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.     

宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析

旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平。本研究使用DMU（v6.0）软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12 415头荷斯坦牛，包括111 735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计，运用主成分分析法（PCA）探讨构象性状之间的关系。结果表明，宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水平，乳房深度遗传力值为0.242，乳房质地为0.080，悬韧带为0.183，前乳房附着为0.230，前乳头位置为0.231，前乳头长度为0.173，后乳房高为0.272，后乳房宽为0.378，后乳头位置为0.169。各性状遗传相关范围为-0.277~0.706，表型相关范围为-0.084~0.316。研究共筛选出特征值≥1的4个主成分，占总方差的64.19%，且9个乳房性状在前3个主成分中已全部体现，荷载系数均在0.4以上。本研究通过对宁夏地区奶牛DHI数据的深入挖掘和遗传参数估计，准确地把握了宁夏奶牛群体的结构特征，对于奶牛的选种选配和育种规划具有重要意义。     

一种沼液冲厕装置

目前农村所建户用沼气池基本上都是厕所、猪圈、沼气池三结合,人畜粪便虽能自流入池,但厕所常有积便,每到夏季蝇蛆滋生,既不卫生,又易传播疾病,要保持厕所卫生就必须经常冲洗.     

Effect of bFGF on glucose regulated protein 78 expression and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer CAOV3 cells

AIM: To evaluate the effect of bFGF on the apoptosis and the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in ovarian cancer CAOV3 cells.METHODS: Starvation induced cell apoptosis was conducted. After treatment with bFGF, the cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by FACS analysis and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. The expression of protein kinase B (PKB) and GRP78 were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared to starvation group, the cells treated with bFGF were still viable and increased activation of PKB and high expression of GRP78 were observed, which were prevented by PKB inhibitor wortmannin effectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: bFGF plays a critical role in anti-apoptosis and proliferation in human ovarian cancer through PKB signal transduction pathway, partly by upregulating the expression of GRP78.     

国有林场改革路径选择与对策分析

文章论述了国有林场的建立与发展过程，提出了国有林场面临的主要问题和改革路径选择与对策分析。     

我国中/高密度纤维板发展现状与思考

根据调查和有关文献,对我国中/高密度纤维板的发展状况进行了总结,并提出中/高密度纤维板未来发展的建议和设想.