红外相机技术在河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区中的应用

为了充实河北雾灵山自然保护区的野生动物资源本底资料,提高监测能力和监测水平,雾灵山保护区自2015年开始将红外相机技术应用到野生动植物的资源调查和管护中。目前应用红外相机技术发现兽类5目10科14种,鸟类4目6科10种,掌握了区内主要物种猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、狍(Capreolus)和勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)的日活动节律,补充了保护区的本底调查资料,为保护区进一步开展金钱豹(Panthera pardus)、斑羚(Naemorhedus goral)和鸟类多样性等科学研究奠定了基础,为保护区制定关于野生动物资源的相关管护政策提供了科学依据。     

连续施用有机肥对黄瓜体内Zn的积累及其在亚细胞分布的影响

以黄瓜品种'津优35号'为试材,采用田间随机区组试验设计,研究了不同用量(0、15、30、45 t·hm-2和60 t·hm-2)鸡粪源有机肥中Zn在土壤中的积累,以及Zn在黄瓜体内的吸收转运及其在亚细胞各组分中的分布情况,以期为指导黄瓜的安全生产以及鸡粪有机肥合理施用提供参考依据.结果 表明:低用量鸡粪有机肥施用就能显著提高土壤Zn含量(P＜0.05),土壤Zn含量最高为140.40 mg·kg-1,均未超出国家安全标准.施用60 t·hm-2鸡粪有机肥显著提高了黄瓜根部和果实Zn含量,黄瓜果实Zn含量变化范围为19.27～23.59 mg·kg-1,但Zn含量均未超过100 mg·kg-1,可以安全食用.无论鸡粪施用量的高低,Zn在黄瓜根、茎、叶和果实各亚细胞组分中均表现为可溶性组分＜细胞器(叶绿体和线粒体)＜细胞壁.60 t·hm-2鸡粪有机肥可以显著提高黄瓜根部细胞壁Zn含量,且根部细胞壁中Zn含量及所占比例随着鸡粪有机肥施用量的增加而增加.细胞壁中Zn在根中所占比例最高,达到了54.67％～58.77％.     

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.     

性引诱剂用于蔬菜害虫的预测预报和发生规律研究

小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾是蔬菜上的重要害虫，应用三种性引诱剂预测预报三虫，具有灵敏高度、高峰清晰、规律清楚、省工省时等特点。     

蒋白纹枯病菌菌丝融合群及其致病性测定

菌丝融合型测定结果表明，32个茭白纹枯病菌菌株隶属于两个菌丝融合群：30个属AG1群，占测定菌株的93．95％，其中AG1-IA、AG1－IC两亚群菌株依次为24与6，有两菌株为AG4，占6．25％。显然，AG1－IA为优势融合群，占测定菌株的75％。融合群致病性测定结果表明，AG1－IA致病性强，AG1－IC弱，AG4基本不致病。茭白与水稻两种纹枯病菌交互接种，其发病基本一致。由此，作者认为这两种纹枯病菌为同一病原物，或者说茭白、水稻是同一病原物的两个寄主植物。     

草莓叶面积简易测定方法

以透明方格法作对照,分别与叶面积的其他简易测定法(叶长度×叶宽度的系数法、叶长度与叶面积的回归法、叶宽度与叶面积的回归法)比较。结果表明吐德拉(Tudla)叶面积的每种测定方法,以叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,计算公式是=7.0918x-13.4784穴公式中的x是叶宽度,y是叶面积,以下相同雪;鬼怒甘(Kinuama)叶面积的测定法也是叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,公式是=7.3187x-14.3288。杜克拉(Dukela)叶面积的测定法,推荐用叶宽度与叶面积的回归法,公式是=6.6393x-10.6411。y=a+bx^y=a+bx^y=a+bx^     

农村基层信访工作在社会危机管理中的效用研究

信访工作是党和政府联系群众的桥梁与纽带,是维护和实现群众民主权利的重要手段。随着农村经济的迅猛发展和农村改革的不断深化,给农村社会经济生活和人们的利益关系带来极大的变动,所引发的群众来信来访事件有所上升,有些过激行为和群体性事件对社会发展造成极其恶劣的影响。做好农村基层的信访工作,在社会危机管理中将发挥重大效用。     

猪hnRNPUL1基因克隆及变异剪接体鉴定

旨在克隆民猪hnRNPUL1基因全长编码区（complete coding sequence，CDS）序列并进行可变剪接分析，研究其组织表达和亚细胞定位情况。本研究以3头3月龄民猪为试验材料，利用RT-PCR技术克隆hnRNPUL1基因CDS及可变剪接体，应用qRT-PCR检测其在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、大肠、小肠、背肌、腿肌等组织中的表达情况，同时，在生物信息学预测的基础上，通过融合表达绿色荧光蛋白的方法鉴定核定位序列。研究结果表明，猪hnRNPUL1基因（GenBank accession No.：MN399154）CDS全长2 580 bp，预期编码的多肽链存在着hnRNPs家族的特征性结构域——SAP、SPRY和AAA；猪hnRNPUL1普遍表达于所检测的各组织中，其中在脾脏中表达量最高，在腿肌中表达量最低；核定位序列（NLS）位于多肽链的133~430 aa处，与生物学信息学预测的结果存在着偏差；同时获得了2个变异剪接体和11种可变剪接片段。本研究结果对进一步揭示猪hnRNPUL1基因功能及转录调控机制提供了基础。