Immunogenic properties of Landrace pigs selected for resistance to mycoplasma pneumonia of swine

Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions and immunogenic properties were compared between a Landrace line that was genetically selected for reduced incidence of pulmonary MPS lesions, and a non‐selected Landrace line. The MPS‐selected Landrace line showed significantly lower degrees of pulmonary MPS lesions compared with the non‐selected Landrace line. When changes in immunity before and after vaccination were compared, the percentage of B cells in the peripheral blood of the MPS‐selected Landrace line was significantly lower than that of the non‐selected line. Furthermore, the concentration of growth hormone and the mitogen activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the MPS‐selected Landrace line showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower increases after vaccination than the non‐selected line. Conversely, the concentration of peripheral blood interferon (IFN)‐γ and salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) after Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination was significantly higher in the MPS‐selected Landrace line than in the non‐selected line. Gene expression of toll‐like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 was significantly higher in the MPS‐selected Landrace line in immune tissues, with the exception of the hilar lymph nodes. The present results suggest that peripheral blood IFN‐γ, salivary IgA TLR2, and TLR4 are important immunological factors influencing the development of MPS lesions.     

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions in Large White pigs selected for higher peripheral blood immune capacity

Immunogenic properties and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) lung lesions were compared between the immunity‐selected Large White line and the non‐selected Large White line. The selected Large White line showed a higher level of pulmonary MPS lesions compared with the non‐selected Large White line. Subsequent to vaccination, the percentage of natural killer cells and T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8^‐ and CD3⁺CD4^?CD8⁺ T cells) were significantly increased in the non‐selected line but remained unchanged in the immunity‐selected Large White line. Secretion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine‐specific immunoblogulin G and phagocyte activity in peripheral blood were significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐6 messenger RNA in hilar lymph nodes was significantly lower in the immunity‐selected Large White line than in the non‐selected line. However, expression of IL‐10 in all immune tissues was significantly higher in the immunity‐selected Large White line. These results suggest that the selection for high immunity was not effective in increasing resistance to MPS lung lesions.     

The organic acid profiles in the feces of pigs at Brachyspira hyodysenteriae- or B. pilosicoli-positive farms

We observed a significant difference in the organic acid profile of diarrheal feces between pigs infected with and free from pathogenic spirochetes. Diarrhea and loose feces were collected from growing pigs, held at 15 different commercial farms. A total of 106 samples were measured for organic acid concentration by HPLC and were checked for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli by PCR. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 3 samples collected from one farm. B. pilosicoli was detected in 5 samples collected from another farm. Lower concentrations of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were likely associated with development of pathogenic spirochete infection.     

大蒜茎尖脱毒技术及组织培养研究

采用山西栽培的５个地方名蒜茎尖离体培养，获得了无病毒蒜种。结果表明，茎尖大小为０．２￣０．５ｍｍ，不定芽增殖培养基以Ｂ５或ＭＳ４，附加１￣２ｍｇ／Ｌ细胞分裂素和０．０１￣０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ，效果最佳。根系诱导在原培养基中加入０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ，出根率可达９０％以上。成苗后于１２月份移栽到节能日光温室，成活率达９０％以上。经对脱毒苗形态观察和染色体检测，没有发生异常变化。植株生长健壮，遗传性稳     

吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼（GIFT）摄食节律初探

用投喂添加色素的膨化颗粒饲料和观测排便相结合的方法,研究吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapias;GIFT)的摄食节律.结果发现,6个家系的吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼摄食具有明显的节律性,家系之间的摄食周期存在非常显著差异(P＜0.0001);t检验发现,各家系内摄食周期和排便周期的差异均不显著(P≥0.1097).回归分析发现,摄食周期对生长无显著的影响(P=0.8988),但与摄食量之间存在显著的线性关系(R2=0.9679,P=0.0004).对摄食节律聚类分析,6个家系可分为(1、2、6)、(3、4)、5共3个家系类别.该项研究能为GIFT的养殖投饵和进一步选育提供理论依据,为鱼类摄食节律研究提供方法上的参考.     

变压器负载试验方法改进研究与分析

工程实际中对于小型试验厂或容量有限的变电站而言,如果在额定电流条件下进行变压器负载试验,需要的电源容量较大,即使利用电容补偿弥补电源容量的不足,所需补偿电容器的体积和质量也会给试验实施带来困难。该文分析了变压器常规负载试验方法及其在工程实际中出现的问题,并有针对性的提出了一种改进的负载试验方法。首先通过计算机仿真验证改进方法的可行性,继而对其进行了现场实践,并对改进方法下的负载试验参数重新进行了计算,同时将改进方法与常规方法进行参数误差分析与成本对比分析。结果表明,该文提出的变压器负载试验改进方法可在不提高电源容量的情况下,大幅减少对中间设备如补偿电容器的限制,从而提高试验操作的效率及试验厂站的经济效益,又可满足工程实际精度要求,因此可以作为常规变压器负载试验的一种延伸和发展。     

贵州喀斯特地区棕色石灰土与黄壤有机质剖面分布及稳定碳同位素组成差异

贵州位于全球最大的喀斯特生态系统一中国西南喀斯特生态系统的中心，由于受到亚热带季风气候的冲击和人类不合理社会经济活动的破坏，其喀斯特生态系统已出现不同程度的石漠化，尤以乌江流域最为严重。现已认识到石漠化是一种与脆弱生态地质背景和人类活动相关联的土地退化过程，而土壤退化是土地退化的核心部分。在土壤侵蚀与退化及全球碳循环的过程中，作为土壤重要组成部分和代表一个主要碳库的土壤有机质在生态系统中扮演了一个十分重要的角色，开展对喀斯特地区不同土壤有机质剖面分布及稳定碳同位素组成的研究，将有利于提高对流域土壤侵蚀与退化过程中有机质的生物地球化学循环的认识。本研究选择乌江流域喀斯特地区二种主要土壤类型石灰土和黄壤，根据土壤有机质含量和稳定碳同位素组成，结合土壤pH值、粘粒含量等分析结果，探讨了喀斯特山区石灰土和黄壤有机质的剖面分布和稳定碳同位素组成差异，旨在为喀斯特生态系统土壤有机质的生物地球化学循环研究提供基础资料。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

花生含油量研究进展

含油量是花生重要的品质性状之一,是育种工作者改良花生品质性状的主要目标。笔者简述了花生含油量的组成与比例,回顾了环境因素、营养元素和其它相关性状3个方面的外部因素对花生含油量的影响,总结了人们利用经典遗传学和分子数量遗传学的方法在花生含油量遗传方面的研究进展,并从采用切实可行性的农艺调控措施、协调好紧密相关性状之间的关系、利用现代育种手段辅助选择以及弄清含油量分子层面上的遗传机理等4个方面提出了改良花生含油量的方法。