昆虫对双酰胺类杀虫剂抗性机制研究进展

双酰胺类杀虫剂是以昆虫鱼尼丁受体为作用靶标的新型杀虫剂,由于其作用机制独特,对多种鳞翅目害虫具有良好的防治效果而得到广泛应用。但已经有多种害虫的田间种群对该类药剂产生了抗性,甚至导致田间防治失败。本文在综述昆虫对双酰胺类杀虫剂抗性现状的基础上,重点总结了抗性机制方面的最新研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为进一步深入研究双酰胺类杀虫剂的抗性机制提供借鉴。     

不同向日葵品种对黄萎病的抗性*

采用浸根接种法鉴定不同向日葵种质资源对黄萎病的抗性差异。结果表明：40份供试向日葵品种依据抗性划分标准共分为3类,其中中抗品种有5份如：‘118’、‘新葵杂5号’等;低抗品种有8份如‘767’、‘KJ003’等;其余27份供试材料均呈现感病;没有鉴定出免疫和高抗的向日葵品种。     

不同性别家蝇对药剂的敏感性比较

在室内用点滴法测定了杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲基嘧啶磷、虫螨腈和灭多威对家蝇雌雄成虫的毒力,并对毒力进行了比较。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲基嘧啶磷、虫螨腈和灭多威对雄性家蝇的毒力分别是雌性家蝇毒力的4．63、2．41、3．11、1．73倍。     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

应用聚合酶链式反应鉴定新疆棉花落叶型黄萎病菌

用一对棉花落叶型黄萎病菌的特异性引物D1和D2进行PCR扩增,对于落叶型黄萎病菌,该对引物可特异性地扩增产生一段550bp的产物,而非落叶型黄萎病菌则不能被扩增.供试的35个新疆黄萎菌系中,有3个菌系扩增出550bp大小的落叶型黄萎病菌特异性片段,表明目前新疆已存在落叶型黄萎病菌,用此技术可快速、准确地检疫和鉴定落叶型黄萎病菌.     

叶尔羌河流域1990—2010年生态环境变化特征

利用叶尔羌河流域1990、2000年和2010年Landsat-TM影像数据和中巴资源卫星数据,结合GIS技术及生态环境状况指数计算方法,分析流域内1990-2010年流域生态环境变化特征.结果显示:1990-2010年,叶尔羌河流域生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数和土地退化指数分别减少4.53％、4.00％和3.56％,水网密度指数整体增高了3.71％;1990、2000年和2010年,叶尔羌河流域生态环境状况指数分别为34.94、34.77和34.32,均属于较差级别,受自然和人为因素的双重影响流域生态环境趋于退化.     

博斯腾湖生态环境的演变

本文叙述了近30年来博斯腾湖水位、容积、水质、芦苇资源、渔业资源、水生生物等的变化,并对博斯腾湖未来的环境演变作了预测。     

利用叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数评价青贮玉米耐旱关键指标研究

利用叶绿素荧光仪测定了26份青贮玉米自交系和105个组合的叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数,对其生理性状关键耐旱指标进行主成分及相关分析,并进行配合力及遗传参数分析。青贮玉米Fv/Fm的影响因素大 小依次为：叶片Fv>叶片Fm>叶片Fo>叶片Area>叶片SPAD>苞叶Fv/Fm>苞叶SPAD。筛选出了5个关键指 标(叶片Fm、叶片Fv、叶片Area、叶片Fv/Fm、叶片SPAD)及一般配合力(GCA)较高的9份自交系和特殊配合力(SCA)较高的19个组合。在F₁吐丝期,叶片Fo、叶片Area主要受基因加性效应支配;叶片Fm、叶片Fv的加性与 非加性效应相当;叶片Fv/Fm、叶片SPAD主要受基因非加性效应支配。狭义遗传力(h²N,)大小依次为：叶片SPAD>叶片Area>叶片Fo>叶片Fv>叶片Fm>叶片Fv/Fm。通过对叶片Fv的早代正向直接选择、叶片Fo的早代 负向直接选择,以及对叶片Fv/Fm的杂种优势利用,可提高旱区青贮玉米单位面积生物产量。叶绿素含量及荧光 动力学参数可用于青贮玉米的耐旱性筛选。     

基于无人机成像高光谱的棉叶螨为害等级估测模型构建

为快速、实时、准确地了解新疆棉田棉叶螨(优势种为土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani)的发生情况,利用高光谱图像中的7种植被指数,使用一般线性回归分析方法分别构建不同棉叶螨为害等级棉花冠层叶片叶绿素相对含量(用soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)值表征)遥感估测模型和棉叶螨为害等级遥感估测模型,实现棉叶螨为害的实时监测。结果显示:不同棉叶螨为害等级对应的棉花冠层光谱反射率存在明显差异,棉叶螨为害等级与棉花冠层叶片SPAD值呈显著负相关关系。在7个不同棉叶螨为害等级对应的棉花冠层叶片SPAD遥感估测模型中,SPAD-红边归一化植被指数估测模型的估测决定系数为0.915,均方根误差为3.451,识别精确度显著高于其他模型。表明利用棉花冠层叶片SPAD遥感估测模型可快速无损地获取棉叶螨为害数据,构建的棉叶螨为害等级估测模型可用于植保人员快速准确获取棉叶螨为害情况。