蔬菜生产一线问与答（十二）

深冬期间如何进行日光温室的温度管理,如何保证茄子在深冬期间的正常生长,怎样提高日光温室甜（辣）椒的坐果率,秋冬茬黄瓜出现褪绿色病斑,是什么病害并如何防治几个问题进行答复。     

Editorial for the special issue on food safety in China

<正>All countries face the challenge of regulating their food systems and anticipating the next major food-borne disease.In China,the difficulty of this challenge is exacerbated by scale.With regulatory authorities spread across various agencies and municipalities,Chinese regulators are hard-pressed to present a unified front in tackling food safety challenges.As a result of these difficulties,food safety incidents are     

产业型绿色景观廊道可持续发展规划——以G85成渝高速(永川段)为例

以G85成渝高速(永川段)为例,运用景观生态学原理和现代林业指导思想,探讨生态、产业和景观协调发展的绿色景观廊道可持续发展规划。       

宁夏南部旱区农业水资源开发与可持续利用

从广义的水资源概念出发,分析了宁夏南部旱区水资源的数量、质量和区域分布特征。宁夏南部旱区农业水资源14.90亿m3,占整个区域水资源总量的93.35%。其中土壤水资源为6.35亿m3,是这一区域旱作农业、草地、林地等农业生产和生态恢复与建设的重要来源。依据该区域水资源现状及开发利用中存在的问题,本文提出了农业水资源可持续利用的若干对策。     

Interactions between soil properties and moisture content in crust formation, runoff and interrill erosion from tilled loess soils

Soil-surface seals and crusts resulting from aggregate breakdown reduce the soil infiltration rate and may induce erosion by increasing runoff. The cultivated loess areas of northwestern Europe are particularly prone to these processes.Surface samples of ten tilled silty loamy loess soils, ranging in clay content from 120 to 350 g kg⁻¹ and in organic carbon from 10 to 20 g kg⁻¹, were packed into 0.5 m² plots with 5% slopes and subjected to simulated rainfall applied at 30 mm h⁻¹. The 120 minutes rainfall events were applied to initially field-moist soil, air-dried soil and rewetted soil to investigate the effect of soil moisture content prior to rainfall. Runoff and eroded sediments were collected at 5 minutes intervals. Aggregate stability of the soils was assessed by measuring particle-size distribution after different treatments.All soils formed seals. Runoff rates were between 70 and 90% by the end of the rainfall event for field-moist plots. There were large differences between soil runoff rates for the air-dried and rewetted plots. Interrill erosion was associated with runoff, and sediment concentration in runoff readily reached a steady-state value. Measurements of aggregate stability for various treatments were in good agreement with sealing, runoff and erosion responses to rainfall. Runoff and erosion were lower for air-dried plots than for field-moist plots, and were either intermediate or lowest for rewetted plots, depending on soil characteristics. Soils with a high clay content had the lowest erosion rate when they were rewetted, whereas the soil with a high organic-carbon content had the lowest erosion rate in air-dry conditions. The results indicate the complexity of the effect of initial moisture content, and the interactions between soil properties and climate.     

Future of NSP-degrading enzymes to improve nutrient utilization of co-products and gut health in pigs

从全球范围来看,谷物副产品在猪日粮中的使用量预计将日益增加,这将导致饲喂的日粮较传统的谷物型日粮含有更高水平的非淀粉多糖.这类日粮为可提高养分消化率及自由采食量的非淀粉多糖降解酶提供了机会,从而可大大降低饲喂含高水平谷物副产品的日粮所带来的风险.日粮中添加的酶制剂与养分消化之间的关系已经非常明了,然而与消化生理学(如能够有益于肠道健康和自由采食采食量的肠道菌群和食糜的物理特性)的其它潜在机制之间的关系还不清楚.七名学者强调了这些非淀粉多糖、酶和消化生理学之间的特殊关系.提出的关键性的盲点如下:更好地认识酶的作用底物在饲料加工处理过程中的变化,除养分和非淀粉多糖(抗菌素残留物和霉菌毒素)外的其它饲料成分对酶制剂的影响,谷物副产品在影响猪肠道健康和采食量上可能发挥的作用.总之,以正确的组合和比例添加酶,对在猪日粮中充分利用谷物副产品所含的养分起着重要的作用,但是它们对肠道健康的影响需要进一步的研究.     

枇杷花粉干冻法超低温保存研究

采用花粉干冻法对枇杷花粉超低温保存进行了研究。将枇杷盛花期的花粉干燥后直接液氮超低温保存,取出后观察其萌发率。结果表明：花粉的含水量是决定枇杷花粉超低温保存成败的关键因素。脱水至30％左右的含水量能够保证超低温保存花粉的生活力;解冻温度及方式对超低温保存后花粉的生活力没有明显的影响。     

猪繁殖--呼吸综合症(PRRS)抗体免疫金标快速检测试纸的研制与应用

应用酶联免疫吸附原理和胶体金层析技术，在玻璃纤维和硝酸纤维素膜的检测线和对照线上分别喷上胶体金PRRSV，PRRSV和兔抗PRRS抗体，从而制作成猪PRRS抗体免疫金标试纸，用该试纸与PRRS—ELISA试剂盒分别对30份猪血清及血液样品进行抗体水平检测，结果完全一致。说明金标试纸法是一种微量、特异、简便和结果容易判定的新的检测方法，非常适用于基层兽医站和猪场，特别是进行现场检测和开展大规模疫情普查时使用。     

杂交水稻优质育种研究进展

分析了目前中国杂交水稻的米质现状及主要品质性状的遗传,指出当前中国杂交水稻优质育种已取得很大成就,尤其在直链淀粉含量和整精米率方面得到很大改善。但是垩白问题、胶稠度问题仍难以逾越,是今后杂交水稻优质育种的主攻方向。     

天津市设施园艺发展的现状、问题和解决方案

天津市光、热资源丰富,冬季温度在北方相对较高,有效生长积温高,属于适宜设施发展区域。介绍了天津市发展设施园艺的意义、现状、存在问题和解决方案,并分析指出：天津市已初步形成了一个设施园艺产业带和几个设施聚集区。目前,天津设施园艺发展存在资金不足、土地流转工作不够规范、温室设施和基础设施建设严重不足、设施产品单一、劳动生产...