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HY Jang YH Kim BW Kim IC Park HT Cheong JT Kim CK Park HS Kong HK Lee BK Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):943-950
Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland, scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in vivo and in vitro, indicating that melatonin is a potent function as an antioxidant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on sperm characteristics (motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondria activity) and also to examine the developmental rates to the blastocysts stage of porcine oocytes fertilized in vitro with semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H2O2 (250 μm ). The sperm were treated with melatonin in the presence or absence of H2O2 for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 37°C and then analysed for the sperm characteristics. The porcine embryos were produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) using semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H2O2 (250 μm ) for 6 h. The semen characteristics, including motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity and mitochondria activity, were higher in the groups that were treated with melatonin in comparison to other groups, irrespective of incubation periods. Malondialdehyde levels in control, melatonin and melatonin + H2O2 groups were lower than H2O2 only group. A positive correlation was shown among motility, viability, survival rate and membrane integrity, but a negative correlation was observed between LPO and the other evaluation methods. The developmental rates to blastocysts of IVM/IVF porcine oocytes fertilized by semen treated with melatonin were significantly increased compared with any other groups, with the cell number of blastocysts shown to have a similar trend to the developmental rates. These results demonstrate that melatonin can improve the semen characteristics during in vitro storage and support the developmental ability of IVM/IVF embryos in pigs. 相似文献
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HY Jang SJ Ji YH Kim HY Lee JS Shin HT Cheong JT Kim IC Park HS Kong CK Park BK Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):967-974
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co‐culture on developmental capacity of bovine in vitro oocyte maturation/in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) embryos. We examined the effects of astaxanthin against nitric oxide‐induced oxidative stress on cell viability by MTT assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of antioxidant genes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD and Catalase) or apoptosis genes (Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3 and Bax) by RT‐PCR in BOEC. We also evaluated the developmental rates of bovine IVM/IVF embryos co‐cultured with BOEC pre‐treated with astaxanthin (500 μm ) in the presence or absence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1000 μm ) for 24 h. Cell viability in BOEC treated with SNP (50–2000 μm ) lowered, while astaxanthin addition (50–500 μm ) increased it in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell viability in astaxanthin plus SNP (1000 μm ) gradually recovered according to the increase in astaxanthin additions (100–500 mm ). The LPO in astaxanthin group (50–500 μM) gradually decreased in a dose dependent manner and among SNP or astaxanthin plus SNP group, SNP alone and astaxanthin (50 μM) plus SNP shown a significant increase than other groups (p < 0.05). Expression of apoptosis or antioxidant genes was detected by RT‐PCR. Bcl‐2 and antioxidant genes were detected in astaxanthin or astaxanthin plus SNP group, and Caspase‐3 and Bax genes were only found in SNP group. When bovine IVM/IVF embryos were cultured for 6–7 days under co‐culture system such as BOEC treated with astaxanthin in the presence or absence of SNP, the developmental ability to blastocysts in 500 μm astaxanthin group was the highest of all groups. These results suggest that astaxanthin has a antioxidative effect on cell viability and LPO of BOEC, and development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos due to the induction of antioxidant genes and suppression of apoptosis genes. 相似文献
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There are several skin grafting methods described in the human and animal literature. Currently, there are five types of free grafts used in horses: pinch and punch grafts, split and full-thickness sheet or mesh grafts and tunnel grafts. Published methods of tunnel grafting describe the use of alligator forceps. The alligator forceps create a poor tunnel and are excessively traumatic to the granulation bed. This technique utilised a 13G Jamshidi needle that was placed across the granulation bed and created a uniform tunnel. The Jamshidi needle was atraumatic to the granulation bed increasing the opportunity for graft survival. A twin bladed scalpel allowed for the quick creation of uniform width grafts. Removal of the overlying tunnel ‘roof’ took place 5–14 days later to allow graft expansion. This case series included five horses with distal limb wounds and one with a wither injury. Four horses required general anaesthesia for graft placement and three required general anaesthesia for the removal of the tunnel roof. The acceptance of the grafts varied from 70% to 100%. Graft expansion to cover the granulation tissue took 2–5 months. This case series demonstrates that this technique of graft production and placement is an easy method for achieving successful skin grafting. Compared to other graft types, tunnel grafts are more readily accepted. Cosmetic and functional results achieved are better than those with pinch and punch grafts. Tunnel grafting does not require expensive equipment or advanced training, and in some cases can be performed under standing sedation. 相似文献
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G Zamaratskaia IC Oskam E Ropstad H Tajet E Dahl Ø Andresen 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):147-152
The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation on fat skatole concentrations and hepatic activities of cytochromes P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and P4502A (CYP2A) were studied in Landrace and Duroc breeds of entire male pigs. Pigs were divided into four groups: two control groups of each breed, without hCG stimulation (n = 20 for each breed), and two experimental groups of each breed, with hCG stimulation (n = 18 for each breed). Pigs were slaughtered 3 days after hCG stimulation and activities of CYP2E1 and CYP2A were measured in liver homogenate. Activities of both CYP2E1 and CYP2A were lower in hCG‐stimulated pigs than control pigs for both Landrace (p = 0.005 for CYP2E1, p = 0.016 for CYP2A) and Duroc breeds (p = 0.003 for CYP2E1, p = 0.001 for CYP2A), and skatole concentrations in fat were higher in the hCG‐stimulated pigs of both breeds (p < 0.01). For both control and hCG‐stimulated groups, Duroc pigs had lower skatole concentrations than Landrace pigs (p = 0.001 for both groups). The activity of CYP2E1 did not differ significantly between breeds in either the control group or the experimental group (p = 0.233 for control pigs and p = 0.210 for experimental pigs). However, whereas CYP2A activity did not differ significantly between breeds in the control groups (p = 0.181 for CYP2A), in the hCG‐stimulated groups, CYP2A activity was lower in Duroc pigs than in Landrace (p = 0.011). Based on these findings, we conclude that hCG stimulation can suppress hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP2A activities, probably through an increase in the levels of testicular steroids. Between‐breed variations in skatole levels in fat were not related to the activities of CYP2E1 and CYP2A. 相似文献
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K.K. Jena I.C. Pasalu Y.K. Rao Y. Varalaxmi K. Krishnaiah G.S. Khush G. Kochert 《Euphytica》2003,129(1):81-88
An introgression line derived from an interspecific cross between Oryzasativa and Oryza officinalis, IR54741-3-21-22 was found to beresistant to an Indian biotype of brown planthopper (BPH). Genetic analysisof 95 F3 progeny rows of a cross between the resistant lineIR54741-3-21-22 and a BPH susceptible line revealed that resistance wascontrolled by a single dominant gene. A comprehensive RAPD analysisusing 275 decamer primers revealed a low level of (7.1%) polymorphismbetween the parents.RAPD polymorphisms were either co-dominant (6.9%), dominant forresistant parental fragments (9.1%) or dominant for susceptible parentalfragments (11.6%). Of the 19 co-dominant markers, one primer,OPA16, amplified a resistant parental band in the resistant bulk and asusceptible parental band in the susceptible bulk by bulked segregantanalysis. RAPD analysis of individual F2 plants with the primerOPA16 showed marker-phenotype co-segregation for all, with only onerecombinant being identified. The linkage between the RAPD markerOPA16938 and the BPH resistance gene was 0.52 cM in couplingphase. The 938 bp RAPD amplicon was cloned and used as a probe on122 Cla I digested doubled haploid (DH) plants from aIR64xAzucena mapping population for RFLP inheritance analysis and wasmapped onto rice chromosome 11. The OPA16938 RAPD markercould be used in a cost effective way for marker-assisted selection of BPHresistant rice genotypes in rice breeding programs. 相似文献
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Objective To determine whether a drug detected in the blood or urine of a racing animal could have penetrated through the skin from a topically applied preparation.
Design Blood and urine of dogs and horses were analysed after topical administration of three common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations.
Experimental method Dimethylsulphoxide was analysed using a gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector. Phenylbutazone, its metabolites and lignocaine were analysed using a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector.
Results Dimethylsulphoxide, phenylbutazone and ligno-caine were detected in dog urine after muliple applications of the preparations. The maximum concentration of dimethyl-sulphoxide in dog urine correlated with the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide in the preparation. Phenylbutazone penetrated the skin more effectively from the cream than from the solution or gel preparations. This penetration was independent of the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide.
Conclusion The superior penetration of phenylbutazone from the cream can be explained by it being present as a neutral molecule in an hydrophobic medium. It is proposed that phenylbutazone penetrates the skin of greyhounds most effectively by a hydrophobic lipid route which is likely to be different from the path by which dimethylsulphoxide penetrates the skin. 相似文献
Design Blood and urine of dogs and horses were analysed after topical administration of three common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations.
Experimental method Dimethylsulphoxide was analysed using a gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector. Phenylbutazone, its metabolites and lignocaine were analysed using a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector.
Results Dimethylsulphoxide, phenylbutazone and ligno-caine were detected in dog urine after muliple applications of the preparations. The maximum concentration of dimethyl-sulphoxide in dog urine correlated with the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide in the preparation. Phenylbutazone penetrated the skin more effectively from the cream than from the solution or gel preparations. This penetration was independent of the concentration of dimethylsulphoxide.
Conclusion The superior penetration of phenylbutazone from the cream can be explained by it being present as a neutral molecule in an hydrophobic medium. It is proposed that phenylbutazone penetrates the skin of greyhounds most effectively by a hydrophobic lipid route which is likely to be different from the path by which dimethylsulphoxide penetrates the skin. 相似文献
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WY Lee SY Chai KH Lee HJ Park JH Kim B Kim NH Kim HS Jeon IC Kim HS Choi H Song 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(1):e13-e16
Precisely detecting oestrus is important for artificial insemination. The aims of this study were to identify oestrus‐specific sow mucus proteins to determine the optimal time for artificial insemination. The proestrous‐ and oestrous‐stage mucus proteins were purified and analysed with proteomic tools such as two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–time‐of‐flight analyses. Among the differentially expressed proteins, the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) protein showed a 3.6‐fold increase during the proestrous stage compared to that during the oestrous stage. A western immunoblot study revealed that two of three sow mucus samples clearly showed negative anti‐DDAH2 antibody activity during the oestrous stage. This study demonstrated that the pig DDAH2 mucus protein exists during the proestrous stage, but not during the oestrous stage, suggesting that mucus DDAH2 could be useful as an oestrus detection marker. 相似文献
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Summary Bilateral superior check ligament desmotomy was performed on 31 Thoroughbred and 17 Standardbred horses as the sole method of treatment for superficial digital flexor tendonitis. Horses resumed racing between 6 and 19 months after surgery. Horses that were able to compete in 5 or more races without injury to the tendon again were considered to have had a successful return to racing. Twenty-five Thoroughbreds were suitable for later study and 13 of these (52%) raced on 5 or more occasions. Fifteen Standardbreds were suitable for later study and 10 of these (66%) raced on 5 or more occasions. Within the racing industry it is generally thought that about 20 to 30% of horses with superficial digital flexor tendonitis can return to racing after a prolonged rest. The results of this study suggest that bilateral superior check ligament desmotomy may improve the prognosis for a horse returning to racing after injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon. 相似文献