PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION FOR STEEL FRAME COLUMNS OF TALL BUILDINGS

Based on properties of parameters and test data of dom-estic steel,this paper analyses the reliability and partial coefficient forresistance of steel frame columns of tall builings.The result may serveas a scientific basis.It is not only for domestic steel instead of importedsteel in building tall steel structures,but also for compiling concerendstandards.     

石家庄污灌区污水灌溉技术的研究

分析了国内外污水灌溉的研究和发展,以石家庄市污灌区为研究对象,在分析预测未来30年污水水质水量特点的基础上,采用不同的灌水技术,利用环境容量法,分析预测了在不同务件下土壤和作物中重金属和石油类浓度的发展以及相应的污清水的灌溉需水量。针对该灌区土壤现状和污水水质特点,提出了建议的合理污水灌溉技术,以保证以土壤为中心的生态系统的可持续发展。     

滴灌条件下干旱区枣树根区的土壤水分动态模拟

【目的】探明干旱区滴灌条件下枣树根区土壤水分的动态变化规律。【方法】以根系分布和土壤水分动态资料为基础,用考虑二维根系吸水的HYDRUS模型对滴灌条件下枣树根区土壤水分动态进行模拟,用含水率的模拟值与实测值的均方根误差(RMSE)和相对均方误差(RMAE)检验模拟效果。【结果】(1)各层土壤水分90d内的动态模拟结果显示,RMSE小于0.024cm3/cm3,RMAE小于14.2%;(2)典型灌溉周期剖面含水率分布的模拟结果显示,RMSE小于0.016cm3/cm3,RMAE小于5.6%。【结论】模拟结果表明,试验灌溉定额(450m3/hm2)合理,灌溉周期需调整,说明该模型可以准确反映干旱区滴灌枣树土壤水分的动态分布,可为灌溉制度的制定提供理论依据。     

SOME PROBLEMS BY USE OF BOUNDARY POINT ELEMENT IN BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

Using boundary point element is one of the treatmentsof corner node problem.This paper further discusses some problems byuse of point element.They mainly include the calculation of stresses atpoint elements,the cause and treatment of singularity in boundary usingequations when point elements are used.An example is given.Correctlyboundary point element has certain practical significance for moreobjective simulation of the actual situation of quantities and improvesaccuracy of results.     

EFFECT OF SEMI-RIGID CONNECTIONS ON BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FRAME

Modeling of girder in steel frame with semi-rigid conn-ections as partially restrained beam element is proposed for elastic-plasticanalysis of steel frames with semi-rigid connections.The results whichare obtained from analyses of elasticity,plasticity and stability for steelframes with semi-rigid connections have significant effects on structuralbehavior.It is necessary to consider the influences of semi-rigid conn-ections on the analysis and design for steel frames.     

基于[火用]方法的空调冷热源系统优化决策

结合方法和热经济学原理建立了空调冷热源系统的分析模型,阐述了产品成本是评价冷热源系统方案优劣的关键因素.采用多目标模糊决策方法,综合考虑了单位产品成本、初投资、技术先进性、安装面积、运行安全可靠性、维护管理难易程度和环保性等多种影响因素,基于方法的冷热源优化决策算法.通过应用实例,说明了此新优化决策算法相比工程中传统决策方法,可靠性更高,使各决策方案间优劣区分度更加明显。     

Estimating Crop Coefficient in Intermittent Irrigation Paddy Fields Using Excel Solver

The current study proposes a novel method using Excel Solver to estimate,from limited data,crop coefficient(Kc) in paddy fields under intermittent irrigation(II).The proposed method was examined in a field experiment conducted at Karang Sari Village,Bekasi,West Java,Indonesia during the first rice season of 2007/2008(December 2007 to April 2008) in the rainy season.As the control,continuous flooding irrigation(CF) was applied to the conventional rice cultivation fields.Based on the observed water storage,Excel Solver was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration.Estimated crop evapotranspiration was used to compute Kc value,then the average Kc values at each growth stage were compared with that for the CF treatment.The estimation method was evaluated by comparing estimated crop evapotranspiration and the crop evapotranspiration derived by the well established FAO procedure.Excel Solver estimated crop evapotranspiration accurately with R2 values higher than 0.81.Accordingly,more than 81% of the FAO crop evapotranspiration was described by the proposed method.Thus,Kc value could be well determined from those estimated crop evapotranspiration.Under the II treatment,the average Kc values were 0.70,1.06,1.24 and 1.22 for the initial,crop development,reproductive and late stages,respectively.These values were lower than those under the CF treatment for initial and crop development stages because of a minimal soil evaporation and intense dryness during these stages.However,average Kc values under the II treatment were higher than those under the CF treatment at the reproductive and late stages,indicating that the II treatment promoted more plant activity particularly for dry biomass production as indicated by a greater number of tillers per hill.     

动荷载对重力式路堤墙影响的研究

随着我国高速铁路迅猛发展和原有普通铁路的提速,动荷载对支挡结构影响显著增大,现有的设计计算理论是否满足新条件要求,是现在的设计单位和科研单位需要解决的问题.为了弄清动应力对支挡结构的影响大小及范围,我们设计了实尺寸的动态试验模型,通过实验实测得到了不同的距离、不同加载幅度下的荷载图示.并据实验数据及现有的计算理论提出了减小动土压力的措施,且用挡土墙中两个重要参数Kc,Ko做了验证.     

我国奶牛养殖小区生产工艺与工程配套技术体系研究

近年来,中国奶业持续快速发展,作为我国奶牛饲养主体的农村散户小规模饲养已占奶牛总饲养量的80％左右。南于养殖规模小,设备简陋,饲养条件差,疾病难以防控,很多地方试图通过建设奶牛养殖小区来加以解决。但目前我国奶牛养殖小区还没有一套可供实际推广应用的生产工艺模式,小区没有科学的规划布局,工艺技术路线和工程防疫技术不到位,设施设备的配置不合理,饲养方式不统一,管理松散,缺乏计划性和全年生产的均衡一致性,无法从根本上克服这些矛盾。为此,作者在广泛调研的基础上,结合中国国情,提出了一套适合于奶牛养殖小区的舍饲散养生产工艺模式,并就该工艺模式的特点、生产工艺技术路线、工艺技术参数确定、配套设施与设备、小区布局以及工程防疫等关键技术进行了探讨,旨在为推进奶牛养殖小区的规模化、标准化的进程,提升我国奶业生产水平提供参考。     

SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF BEAM-COLUMNS

In this paper,a beam-column design problem is formu-lated into an optimization problem The modern optimization technique,sequential unconstrained minimization technique(SUMT),is used toselect the design vesiables at points.The optimum designs obtained arereasonable and verifiable.This procedure may be used in the design ofbeam-columns.Considerable savings can be achieved due to the effectiveuse of material through the best proportion of the shape of beamcolumns.