二化螟对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展

综述了国内外关于二化螟抗药性的研究成果,包括:二化螟的分布、危害、防治,抗药性产生和发展,抗药性机理,抗药性测定方法以及抗药性治理措施。     

Role of gap junction in pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy in rats

AIM: To study the role of gap junction(GJ) in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. METHODS: The expression of connexin(Cx) 32 and Cx43 was evaluated in penlylenetetrazol(PTZ)-induced epilepsy rats at different time points with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. The uncoupler of gap junction,carbenoxolone (CBX), and anti-epilepsy drug,carbamazepine (CBZ), were introduced to investigate the role of gap junction in epilepsy. RESULTS: The expression of Cx32 in the cortex and hippocampus of rats increased 2 h after PTZ administration, and was more obvious 8 h later, so was the expression of Cx43. CBX not only notably inhibited the expression of Cx32 and Cx43, but also suppressed the seizures. CBZ had no obvious effect on Cx32/43 expression. Real-time RT-PCR examination showed that the level of Cx32 mRNA went up rapidly 2 h after seizures, and began to decrease 10 h later. The level of Cx43 mRNA in PTZ group was higher than that in control group from 2 h to 5 h. CBX inhibited both the seizures and the increase in the mRNA expression of Cx32/43, while CBZ only suppressed the seizures and did not affect the expression of Cx32/43. CONCLUSION: GJ between neurons is reinforced after epileptic activities and takes part in the pathophysiological mechanism of synchronization and epilepsy. CBZ has no effect on the expression of Cx32 and Cx43, indicating that the anti-epileptic mechanism of CBZ is independent of GJ.     

对氯间甲酚及复方对氯间甲酚对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的抑杀效果

为验证苯酚类消毒剂对鸡球虫卵囊的抑杀作用,采用不同浓度的单体和复方对氯间甲酚消毒剂与未孢子化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊共孵育,检测其对卵囊孢子化率的影响;与孢子囊共同孵育,通过子孢子脱囊率评价其对子孢子释放的干扰。孢子化卵囊经过不同浓度消毒剂直接浸泡、粪便干扰下浸泡或喷雾处理后经口接种雏鸡,通过OPG和盲肠病变记分探究消毒剂处理对卵囊的繁殖力和鸡的致病性的影响。结果显示, 2种消毒剂均可使孢子化率和子孢子脱囊率显著下降,且3种浓度的复方对氯间甲酚与3%氨水对照组（PC）的消毒效果无显著差异。直接浸泡处理试验结果显示,2%和3%复方对氯间甲酚 （HTS2和HTS3）具有更为显著的抑杀效果,与PC无显著差异;粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便作用下这两种消毒剂对球虫卵囊仍有理想的抑杀效果;喷雾处理试验结果显示,3%对氯间甲酚（HT3）对球虫卵囊抑杀效果最好,显著优于PC组（P＜0.05）,而2%对氯间甲酚（HT2）、HTS2和HTS3组的抑杀效果与PC组无显著差异。研究结果表明,不同浓度下这2种消毒剂对孢子化和未孢子化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊都有一定的抑杀作用,综合比较,复方对氯间甲酚消毒剂具有更强的抑杀球虫卵囊效果,具有代替氨水成为鸡球虫消毒剂的潜能。     

中国水产品的可持续供给

为探讨饲料中添加串叶松香草对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和脂代谢的影响,实验选取240尾初始体重为 (3.85±0.50) g的团头鲂幼鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复20尾鱼。各组分别投喂串叶松香草添加水平为0% (对照组)、2%、4%和6%的实验饲料,饲喂8周后测定鱼体生长性能、肌肉组成、血液生化、肝肠抗氧化和肝脏脂代谢相关基因表达。结果显示,相较于对照组,4%和6%串叶松香草组的增重率、特定生长率显著下降,6%组的终末均重显著降低,饵料系数显著增加。在抗氧化能力方面,2%串叶松香草组鱼体肠道过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性显著高于对照组。在脂肪沉积和代谢方面,4%和6%串叶松香草组鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组。4%和6%串叶松香草组肠道脂肪酶活性显著低于对照组。6%串叶松香草组血清中的甘油三酯 (TG)、胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)均显著高于对照组。4%和6%串叶松香草组肝脏中脂肪合成基因fas、srebp1c的表达量显著升高。同时,6%串叶松香草组肝脏中脂肪分解基因lpl、cpt1a、pparβ的表达量显著下降。CCl₄溶液腹腔注射应激96 h后2%串叶松香草组累积死亡率低于对照组,且应激24 h后鱼体肝脏SOD活性显著高于对照组。研究表明,在饲料中添加2%的串叶松香草对团头鲂幼鱼的生长和饲料利用无不利影响,并且能够提高肠道的抗氧化能力,而当添加量增加至4%和6%时会抑制鱼体生长,并引起团头鲂幼鱼脂肪沉积。本研究结果为串叶松香草在水产动物饲料中的应用提供了参考。

     

皱纹盘鲍人工育苗的初步研究

为探讨近三十年来我国皱纹盘鲍养殖模式对群体遗传结构产生的影响,利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基 (COⅠ)基因和细胞色素b (Cytb)基因分析了定殖漳州的群体、大连培育蓬莱越冬群体、荣成培育福建越冬群体及长山列岛 (砣矶岛、大钦岛、南隍城岛)皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构。结果显示,在259个个体730 bp的COⅠ序列片段中检测到48个变异位点和30个单倍型,6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.586~0.897,核苷酸多样性为0.0056~0.0081。259个个体730 bp的Cytb序列片段中检测到59个变异位点和32个单倍型,6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.605~0.909,核苷酸多样性为0.0077~0.0120。基于COⅠ和Cytb基因的群体间F_st值以及AMOVA结果表明,绝大部分群体之间存在显著的遗传分化,并且遗传变异主要来源于群体内。现行的皱纹盘鲍北鲍南养模式加强了不同群体之间的基因交流,使不同遗传背景的种群二次接触,导致皱纹盘鲍6个群体均具有较高的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性;而各养殖群体中的不同选育条件则可能是造成显著遗传分化的重要原因。本研究对分属南北沿海的6个皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传评估将为我国皱纹盘鲍资源的合理利用以及养殖模式对遗传结构的影响提供科学依据。

     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.     

杂交籼稻结实率的高温响应研究初报

利用人工气候箱在变温条件下于抽穗开花期对水稻进行高温胁迫,研究了杂交籼稻结实率对高温的响应。结果表明：高温影响水稻结实的敏感时期是开花期;不同品种的结实率对温度的响应不同。Ⅱ优7号和D优52／于开花期处于日均温35℃的短期高温环境依然可以保持较高的结实率,而Ⅱ优802开花期所处环境的日均温超过30℃,结实率就迅速下降。     

植物灰葡萄孢菌生物防治与化学防治机理的研究进展

灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea Pers.）是灰霉病的病原菌,能够侵染植物的根茎、叶片、花和果实,导致植物减产,甚至绝收。在作物采摘后的贮藏和运输过程中,灰葡萄孢菌会加速果蔬腐烂变质,导致严重的物流损失。本文综述了现阶段对灰葡萄孢菌引起植物灰霉病的防治手段,阐述防治作用机理及应用现状,分析了生物防治与化学防治的利弊,以期为灰葡萄孢菌的防治提供理论基础和应用依据。     

基于水化学及D、18O的柳江盆地东宫河流域地下水循环特征解析

运用水化学成分和环境同位素作为水循环研究的示踪剂,揭示柳江盆地东宫河流域地下水循环特征。通过现场调查,设计和布置水样的采样点,采集和测试大气降水、地表水及地下水样品,对比不同时期水样的水化学特征,结合氢氧同位素组成,最终确定不同类型地下水的补给、径流及排泄条件。研究表明:最具供水意义的地下水主要来自东宫河流域厚层的府君山组灰岩裂隙含水层,岩溶水自北向南流,与柳江盆地区域岩溶水流动方向一致。接受北部山区大气降水入渗补给,丰水期经由第四系弱透水层在东部落村以泉水形式排泄,在盆地北缘至东部落以西河段以地下径流的形式向东宫河排泄。基岩裂隙水次之,其分布具有强烈的非均质各向异性的特点,与盆地西北部山区的馒毛组泥页岩相比,盆地东北部花岗岩山区的裂隙水,水质好,补给水头最高,补给源稳定、补给路径较短,在李庄及其附近存在自流区。研究成果为当地的水资源开发与利用提供了科学依据。     

鸡蛋壳膜分选装置相似设计及设计程序开发

鸡蛋壳膜分选装置用来分选分离后的鸡蛋壳膜混合物,目前在实验室中已经完成了壳膜分选装置的研究和设计,达到了很好的分选效果。为了使研究结果具有普遍适用性,便于工厂化应用,缩短设计周期,基于相似理论,以已研制的鸡蛋壳膜分选装置为模型,提出一种鸡蛋壳膜分选装置的相似设计方法。当固体负荷率分别为6、12、18、24 kg/s时,对根据该方法设计的装置进行仿真,同时进行了比例尺为1.2倍的原型试验,验证了相似设计方法的正确性和可行性。运用Visual Basic 6.0对CATIA、AutoCAD进行二次开发,编写程序,可直接获得三维模型、二维图纸及工作参数,提高了鸡蛋壳膜分选装置的设计效率,降低了成本,实现了分选装置的快速设计。