天祝白牦牛HSP60基因的克隆及其在下丘脑-垂体-睾丸中的表达定位研究

热休克蛋白60(HSP60)不仅在细胞保护方面发挥作用,也参与雄性动物生殖生理的调控。为研究HSP60基因序列特性及其在天祝白牦牛下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴(HPT-axis)上的表达情况,探寻其在白牦牛睾丸发育、精子发生过程中的作用机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得白牦牛HSP60基因全长cDNA序列,采用生物信息学方法分析HSP60蛋白的理化性质、结构及不同物种之间的同源性等,并利用qPCR、Western blotting、免疫组化法分析HSP60在白牦牛下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴中的表达及定位。结果表明,白牦牛HSP60基因cDNA全长为2 300 bp,开放阅读框为1 722 bp,编码572个氨基酸;其理论分子量为60.977k Da、等电点为5.69,编码的蛋白为非跨膜可溶性蛋白。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,白牦牛HSP60氨基酸序列与牛、瘤牛、绵羊、藏羚羊、骆驼、白犀牛、兔和黑猩猩的氨基酸序列同源性高、进化水平相近。HSP60基因及蛋白在白牦牛的下丘脑、垂体及睾丸组织中均有表达,其中下丘脑及垂体组织表达量显著高于睾丸,下丘脑和垂体之间差异不显著。免疫组化结果显示,HSP60蛋白定位表达于白牦牛下丘脑组织的室旁核大细胞、室旁核小细胞和神经角演网、垂体组织的腺细胞、睾丸组织的精原细胞、精母细胞、支持细胞和间质细胞,而精子细胞中表达较弱。通过对健康成年白牦牛HSP60在下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的表达与定位检测,推断HSP60参与雄性白牦牛生殖轴调控,并参与睾丸发育与精子发生。本研究结果为进一步研究HSP60对雄性生殖调控奠定了基础。     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

新型水产饲料添加剂--左旋肉碱 (L-Carnitine)

L-肉碱又称肉毒碱，是一种维生素的类似物。参与β-氧化等生理学作用，与脂肪代谢有关。能够维持水产动物体内的能量代谢的正常进行，是一种新型的功能性营养添加剂。在水产动物饲料中添加适量的L-肉碱，有着提高水产动物生长速度，降低饲料系数；提高水产动物蛋白含量，降低体脂率．改善肉质提高鱼类的繁殖率等功能。本文在大量相关研究文献的基础上，概述了L-肉碱的来源、水产动物对其吸收和代谢的机制、生物学功能以及在水产动物体内的营养生理学效应，并针对目前L-肉碱的使用存在的问题。提出了一些建议，展望了其广阔的应用前景。     

Effects on growth and survival of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) larvae when co-fed on live and microparticle diets

The effectiveness of co-feeding loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) larvae with live and microparticle diets on weaning performance was described here. Dry weight, total length, length and weight-specific growth rate (SGR) and survivals were monitored at 23–25 °C from the 4th day post hatching (dph) in different diet regimes, which included: microparticle diets (A), live cladocerans (B), enriched cladocerans (C), half microparticle diets plus half live cladocerans (D) and half microparticle diets plus half enriched cladocerans (E). The SGR (L and W) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments after completing metamorphosis (day 4–20, P <0.05). On 30 dph, dry weight (mg) and total length (mm) were significantly lower in treatment A than in other treatments ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in growth in treatments B, C, D and E before 30 dph. However, when live feed was withdrawn from 31–60 dph, in metamorphosed fish, there were significant differences ( P <0.05) among the treatments in survival and growth. Metamorphosed fish in treatment E had higher survival than the fish in other treatments at the end of the experiment. The SGR (L and W) of weaned fish in treatments B and C were similar but lower than in treatments A, D and E respectively. However, dry weight and total length in treatment A were significantly lower than in treatments D and E. It is suggested that weaning of M. anguillicaudatus from early development would appear to be feasible and that larval co-feeding improves the growth and the survival.     

藏绵羊PRDX5基因的克隆及其在睾丸中的表达

过氧化物氧化还原酶5 (PRDX5)是一种硫氧还蛋白,参与机体多种生物学过程。为了研究PRDX5基因在藏绵羊(Ovis aries)睾丸发育和精子发生过程中的作用,本研究以不同发育阶段(3月龄、1周岁和3周岁)的藏绵羊为研究对象,克隆了PRDX5基因的CDS区,并对其进行生物信息学分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、Western blot和免疫组织化学染色法,对PRDX5基因在藏绵羊睾丸不同发育阶段的表达和分布进行了检测。结果显示,PRDX5基因CDS区全长659 bp,可编码219个氨基酸;蛋白质结构预测显示PRDX5以α-螺旋为主,无信号肽;系统进化树显示,藏绵羊PRDX5基因与山羊(Capra hircus)亲缘关系最近;1周岁(性成熟期)和3周岁(成年)藏绵羊睾丸中PRDX5 mRNA相对表达量极显著(P <0.01)高于3月龄(性成熟前),但PRDX5蛋白表达量极显著(P <0.01)低于3月龄,且两者在性成熟后趋于稳定;PRDX5蛋白在藏绵羊睾丸不同发育阶段的支持细胞和间质细胞中均有表达。推测PRDX5基因可能通过调节细胞内ROS的水平影响精子发生...     

Induced ovulation of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) using a combination of a gonadotrop‐releasing hormone analogue and domperidone

The effects of an intraperitoneal hormone injection of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (D‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹‐NEt GnRHa) alone or in combination with a dopamine antagonist, domperidone (DOM), on ovulation induction in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were tested. The hormone treatments were as follows: 6 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (BW) of carp pituitary extract as a positive control, GnRHa 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg⁻¹ BW and a combination of GnRHa and DOM as follows: 10 μg+5 mg, 20 μg+10 mg, 40 μg+20 mg and 80 μg+40 mg kg⁻¹ BW. Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl) was used as a negative control. Significant differences in the ovulation ratio, latency period and ovulation index (OI) were observed among treatments (P<0.05). The combination of GnRHa and DOM at doses of 40 μg+20 mg kg⁻¹ BW had higher values of the ovulation ratio and OI, and a shorter latency period compared with other treatments. The highest OI in GnRHa treatments was only 56.67%, suggesting a dopaminergic tone on gonadotropin secretion in this fish at the pre‐ovulatory stage. Therefore, ovulation can be successfully induced in yellow catfish with 40 μg kg⁻¹ GnRHa+20 mg kg⁻¹ DOM without affecting the egg quality.     

黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林现状分析与类型划分

[目的]依据黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林的现状,探讨其成因机理并进行类型划分,为黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林恢复及重建提供理论依据和技术支撑,完善现有盐碱地防护林体系建设。[方法]通过全面、深入的调查,结合已有的研究成果,分析黄河三角洲盐碱地低效防护林的成因机理;依据低效林的立地条件、生长特点和形成原因等因素,划分其主要类型并探讨每种类型的改造技术。[结果]黄河三角洲地区现有盐碱地防护林由于受自然诱发因素和非自然因素及其共同作用的影响,有相当一部分林分形成了低效林;低效林可划分为6种主要类型,针对每种类型的低效林改造,应采取不同的技术方式和方法。[结论]低效林改造技术涉及低效林成因分析、类型划分和改造方式选择等一系列环节,在实施低效林改造的实践中应把握好每一环节,因地(林)制宜进行实施;针对黄河三角洲地区盐碱地防护林是生态公益林的实际,亦应处理好技术与政策的关系。     

观赏海棠新品种‘昌辉’

‘昌辉’是采用自然杂交方法培育的观赏海棠新品种,大花重瓣,花量较少,浅杯形,红紫色,花期4月上旬至5月上旬。适应性和观赏性强,可在园林中推广应用。     

Response of differentiated and degenerated spikelets to top-dressing,shading and day/night temperature treatments in rice cultivars with large panicles

The presence of large panicles enables to reach a sufficient number of surviving spikelets per unit area for further increase of rice yield. However, the response of differentiated and degenerated spikelets to environmental factors in terms of number in cultivars with large panicles has not been elucidated. By applying top-dressing at different rates and frequencies, shading, and day/night temperature treatments in pot experiments, we observed the response of the main stem in two cultivars with large panicles: Yangdao 4 (Chinese indica) and Akenohoshi (Japanese japonica-indica hybrid). The results showed that top-dressing increased the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle and decreased the percentage of degenerated spikelets. Consequently, the number of surviving spikelets per panicle increased. Shading increased the percentage of degenerated spikelets, resulting in the decrease of the number of surviving spikelets per panicle. Higher day/night temperature treatments led to a higher percentage of degenerated spikelets. The treatments affected mainly the spikelets on the secondary branches, while the number of spikelets on the primary branches did not change appreciably, irrespective of the presence of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets. The influence on the number of surviving spikelets per panicle depended on the number of differentiated spikelets. Shading effect on the percentage of degenerated spikelets also depended on the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle. The decrease of the percentage of degenerated spikelets was associated with the increase of the shoot dry weight (SDW) at heading and the ratio of SDW-differentiated spikelets. The SDW and N absorption at heading affected more significantly the number of surviving spikelets compared to the ratio of surviving spikelets-SDW and surviving spikelets-N, respectively. The above results were similar in Akenohoshi and Yangdao 4. In Akenohoshi, the percentage of degenerated spikelets responded much more conspicuously to the change of SDW or the ratio of SDW -differentiated spikelets than that in Yangdao 4. So did the number of surviving spikelets to SDW and N absorption at heading. Akenohoshi showed a higher ratio of surviving spikelets-N than Yangdao 4. These differences may account for the fact that Akenohoshi showed a larger number of surviving spikelets per panicle than Yangdao 4, even at the same levels of SDW and N absorption.     

滆湖鱼类群落时空分布及其与环境因子的关系

为掌握滆湖鱼类群落现状及动态,于2017—2018年在该湖设置16个采样点,使用多网目刺网和地笼对鱼类群落进行了周年季度采样,同时测定各采样点的水温(WT)、水深(WD)、透明度(SD)、pH值、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等环境因子,定量分析了鱼类群落结构特征、时空分布格局及其与环境因子的关系....