猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒SYBR Green荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立快速、灵敏且特异的检测猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒（swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus,SADS-CoV）检测方法,本试验扩增SADS-CoV N基因保守区域将其克隆至pMD18-T载体。所构建的重组质粒pMD18-T-SADS-qN作为阳性质粒标准品,以其为模板建立一种SYBR Green荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,所建立方法在3.31×10¹~3.31×10⁷拷贝·μL^-1模板量时,呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（R²）为0.997,斜率为-3.318。该方法特异性检测SADS-CoV;而猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）、猪德尔塔冠状病毒（PDCoV）和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）检测结果均为阴性。所构建的标准品检测灵敏度下限可以达到3.31×10¹拷贝·μL^-1,组内和组间变异系数均小于1%,表明其具有良好的灵敏性和重复性。用该方法检测SADS-CoV感染IPI-2I和IPEC-J2细胞后不同时间点和不同接毒剂量的复制情况,结果显示,SADS-CoV感染细胞后2 h病毒含量较低,在12~36 h病毒含量迅速增长,36 h后增长速度减缓且病毒含量维持在较高水平。分别用0、0.1、1 MOI SADS-CoV感染细胞结果显示病毒的mRAN转录水平呈现剂量依赖性增加,当MOI为1时,IPI-2I和IPEC-J2细胞病毒含量分别为10^6.7、10^5.3拷贝·mL^-1。进一步利用所建立的方法对经口服攻毒SADS-CoV仔猪的临床样本进行检测,结果发现病毒在空肠回肠含量较高,表明病毒主要定殖于空肠和回肠。综上表明,本研究建立SYBR Green荧光定量PCR检测方法能灵敏特异地检测SADS-CoV,为SADS-CoV的诊断和病毒相关基础研究提供可靠的检测手段。     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病研究进展

笔者总结了近年来国内外学者对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究和发现,详细介绍了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的症状、危害和传播途径以及致病菌Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae的特征、分类和起源,分析了其可能的致病机理,并总结了猕猴桃的抗病性研究。基于目前对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的防治方法和相关研究发现,展望了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究方向和防治措施,提出采取预防致病菌传入、增强树势和药剂防治相结合的防治措施,为以后的研究和生产实践提供理论依据。     

应用可见/近红外高光谱成像测定鲑鱼片脂肪含量分布(英文)

脂肪作为一种重要的品质参数,在大西洋鲑鱼片中的分布很不均匀。为寻找一种能替代脂肪化学检测的快速无损的方法,该研究应用可见/近红外高光谱成像测定大西洋鲑鱼片的脂肪含量分布。分别采用可见/短波近红外(400-1100 nm)和近红外(900-1700 nm)系统获取大西洋鲑鱼片样本的高光谱图像。提取样本图像的平均光谱并与其相应的脂肪含量化学值采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)和最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machines,LS-SVM)建立相关性模型。为降低高光谱图像的共线性和冗余度,基于竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)分别在可见/短波近红外和近红外光谱区间提取16个(468,479,728,734,785,822,863,890,895,899,920,978,1005,1033,1040,1051 nm)和15个(975,995,1023,1047,1095,1124,1167,1210,1273,1316,1354,1368,1575,1632,1661 nm)特征波长,并分别建立PLSR和LS-SVM模型。特征波长模型的性能优于全波段模型,且近红外区间的特征波长PLSR模型为最优,预测决定系数(R2p)为0.92,预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)为0.92%,剩余预测偏差(residual predictive deviation,RPD)为3.50。最后,将最优模型用于预测高光谱图像上所有像素点的脂肪含量以展示样本上脂肪的分布。此外,还基于该技术对大西洋鲑整鱼片实现了脂肪分布可视化。结果表明高光谱成像技术结合化学计量学方法在大西洋鲑鱼片脂肪的定量和分布可视化上有一定的研究和应用前景。     

基于能量优化的无人机喷施规划组合算法研究

针对目前无人机喷施规划并未达到能量利用率最大化的问题,以总航程最短、有效载荷和安全作业为作业目标,研究了一种基于能量优化的无人机喷施规划组合算法。利用栅格法对工作区域进行划分,得到全覆盖航线后,通过设置补给点,合理地分配各架次的返航点和有效载荷,从航线和载荷上降低无人机的能量消耗率,提高了作业效率。所设计的配套地面站软件对算法进行仿真,结果表明,在同等作业条件下,采用本组合算法进行无人机喷施规划,相比于传统以药液或能量耗尽为返航依据、偶有迫降或坠机危险的喷施规划,航程规划得到的能量节省率达16. 25%,载荷规划得到的能量节省率为18. 92%。田间对比试验表明,经过算法规划的作业比未经算法规划的作业节省了272. 5 m的返航航程,航程节省率为23. 7%;节省载荷1 L,载荷节省率为16. 7%。本组合算法能保证无人机在能量满足安全条件的情况下进行作业,证实了算法的节能性和安全性。     

基于DOM及LiDAR的多尺度分割与面向对象林隙分类

为研究分割尺度对航空正射影像(DOM)与LiDAR数据协同面向对象林隙分割与分类的影响,以东北典型的天然次生林帽儿山实验林场东林施业区为试验区,对DOM与LiDAR数据进行多尺度分割与面向对象林隙分类。分割过程中,采用基于DOM分割、基于LiDAR数据分割、DOMLiDAR协同分割3种分割方案。每种分割方案采用10种尺度。在每种尺度应用两种数据提取的光谱和高度两种特征,采用支持向量机分类器(SVM)进行林隙分类。研究结果表明:3种分割与分类方案分类精度随尺度的增大整体呈现下降的趋势,与ED3(Modified)趋势相反。基于LiDAR数据在尺度参数10获得了最优分割结果。在所有尺度上(10~100),基于LiDAR数据分割与分类精度高于其他两种数据源的分类精度,相比单独使用DOM优势更加明显。基于LiDAR数据分割与分类方案在尺度参数10时获得了最高分类精度(Kappa系数为80%)。3种分割与分类方案最优尺度的分类精度显著高于其他尺度分类精度。分割尺度对面向对象林隙分类结果有重要影响。     

猕猴桃果肉颜色相关色素代谢研究进展

猕猴桃含有独特的风味和丰富的营养价值,深受消费者的亲睐。猕猴桃果肉颜色各异,系统叙述了猕猴桃果肉颜色的种类、果肉颜色在发育过程中的变化、显微结构的变化、色素类物质的种类和变化、以及叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、和花色素苷代谢途径及其分子调控机理。提出了猕猴桃果肉颜色研究现阶段存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望。     

四旋翼飞行器农田位置信息采集平台设计与实验

作为对传统农田信息采集方式的补充,提出了一种基于小型飞行器的采集方式.阐述了四旋翼飞行器的工作原理,并设计了农田信息采集平台,制作出的样机载重为3.5kg,滞空时间大于20 min.设计了惯性测量系统,在测试翻滚角误差小于0.5°时确定融合算法权重系数K为12,利用PID闭环控制,实现3 m高度悬停飞行的偏移误差不超过5 m.在平台上搭载Trimble 5700型GPS接收机进行了实时数据采样实验,结果表明人工采样与飞行采样数据误差约为1.4m,表明该平台具有采集农田位置信息的基本能力.     

植物激素及生长调节剂浸种对龙须草发芽和出苗的影响

本文报导了用7种常用植物激素和生长调节剂浸种对龙须草(Eulaliopsisbiuaia Retz)种子发芽与出苗的影响。结果表明:众药剂中仅爱多收1500～3000倍对出苗有显著作用(P<0.05);发苗灵100～200倍及KH_2PO_4500倍位居其次,但效果经统计分析不显著。KH_2PO_4与爱多收并用可能会有增效作用,有待进一步研究。     

Stability analysis of seven agronomic traits for soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Tokachi nagaha and its derived cultivars using the AMMI model

The stabilities of seven agronomic traits were analyzed and the general stabilities of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions were evaluated based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model using the founder parent Tokachi nagaha and 137 of its derived cultivars as materials. The objective was to provide a theoretical basis for effectively using germplasm in soybean breeding and production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions were significantly different for each trait. The first three interaction principal components axes (IPCA) were highly significant, accounting for 61.28–70.00% of the total variation. The stability differed for the different traits. 50 cultivars with high general stabilities were identified. The general stability of Tokachi nagaha was moderate, as the stability coefficients (D_i) of its seven traits were relatively high; this must be considered by breeders using this cultivar as a breeding parent. There were significant positive correlations between the phenotypic values and their own D_i values for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. This would lead to the expectation that the phenotypic stability would be lower when a cultivar had more branches, pods, seeds, and high per plant yields. Thus, it appears difficult to breed cultivars that simultaneously have high yields and high stability.     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.